在J2ME開發中解析XML [轉]

          Posted on 2006-04-24 11:16 Hally 閱讀(556) 評論(0)  編輯  收藏 所屬分類: 技術文章轉載
          在J2ME開發中解析XML
          www.52RD.com 2005年12月22日 我愛研發網 mingjava
          目前,XML已經廣泛應用于數據交換領域,xml是基于純文本的,具有優秀的跨平臺特性。本文將講述如何在J2ME中解析XML進行數據傳輸。

          ??? XML寫法比較簡單,而且非常便于人來閱讀。但是必須在客戶端和服務器端有XML的解析器才可以正常通信,由于初期的移動信息設備內存和處理器上的不足,所以在MIDP1.0中并沒有提供對XML的支持。隨著內存和處理器的提高,對XML的支持成為了可能。在JSR182中提供了XML的解析器,但是這并不是標準MIDP中的API需要特定的實現才可以支持。幸運的是有第三方的API對解析xml提供了支持,比較有名的是kxml和nanoxml。

          ??? 使用XML之前,你必須考慮好是不是必須用它來傳輸數據,因為解析xml是比較耗費資源的,尤其是在CPU和內存的資源都很寶貴的條件下。如果我們能使用DataInputStream和DataOutputStream傳輸的話就盡量不要使用XML。XML的解析器有兩種,一種是確認性的,他在解析之前會對xml的文檔進行有效性的驗證,確保這是應用程序需要的。另一種則是非確認性的,他不做驗證工作直接進行解析,無疑這樣的速度會快。kxml和nanoxml都是這樣的解析器。它們也存在差別,kxml是增量解析器他會一點一點的解析,這樣在解析大的文檔的時候會效率比較高。nanoxml是一步解析器,一次就把文檔解析完,如果文檔很大的話,這無疑會耗費很大的內存。要使用kxml你可以從http://www.kxml.org 下載得到,在http://nanoxml.sourceforge.net?你可以下載nanoxml。

          ??? 要使用kxml,你必須首先得到一個XmlParser實例,它用Reader作為構造器的參數:
          try {
          ??? Reader??? r = .....;
          ??? XmlParser parser = new XmlParser( r );
          }
          catch( java.io.IOException e ){
          ??? // handle exception....
          }

          如果你的xml文檔存儲在String內的話你可以使用ByteArrayInputStream和InputStreamReader:
          String??? xml = "<a>some xml</a>";
          ByteArrayInputStream bin =
          ??????????? new ByteArrayInputStream( xml.getBytes() );
          XmlParser parser = new XmlParser( new InputStreamReader( bin ) );
          當從網上接收數據的時候可以這樣:
          HttpConnection??? conn = .....;
          InputStreamReader doc =
          ???????? new InputStreamReader( conn.openInputStream() );
          XmlParser parser = new XmlParser( doc );
          得到parser實例后我們就可以調用read方法進行解析了,read方法會返回一個ParseEvent,通過判斷他的類型我們就可以解析xml了。
          try {
          ??? boolean keepParsing = true;
          ???????
          ??? while( keepParsing ){
          ??????? ParseEvent event = parser.read();
          ?
          ??????? switch( event.getType() ){
          ??????????? case Xml.START_TAG:
          ??????????????? ..... // handle start of an XML tag
          ??????????????? break;
          ??????????? case Xml.END_TAG:
          ??????????????? ..... // handle end of an XML tag
          ??????????????? break;
          ??????????? case Xml.TEXT:
          ??????????????? ..... // handle text within a tag
          ??????????????? break;
          ??????????? case Xml.WHITESPACE:
          ??????????????? ..... // handle whitespace
          ??????????????? break;
          ??????????? case Xml.COMMENT:
          ??????????????? ..... // handle comment
          ??????????????? break;
          ??????????? case Xml.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION:
          ??????????????? ..... // handle XML PI
          ??????????????? break;
          ??????????? case Xml.DOCTYPE:
          ??????????????? ..... // handle XML doctype
          ??????????????? break;
          ??????????? case Xml.END_DOCUMENT:
          ??????????????? ..... // end of document;
          ??????????????? keepParsing = false;
          ??????????????? break;
          ??????? }
          ??? }
          }
          catch( java.io.IOException e ){
          }

          如果想使用nanoxml,那么你首先要創建一個kXMLElement實例,然后調用parseFromReader、parseString或者parseCharArray。由于他是一步解析器,那么它會把整個文檔解析完后生成一個Object tree。每個節點都是一個kXMLElement的實例,通過調用getChildren等方法可以在這棵樹上導航。
          HttpConnection??? conn = .....;
          InputStreamReader doc =
          ???????? new InputStreamReader( conn.openInputStream() );
          kXMLElement?????? root = new kXMLElement();

          try {
          ??? root.parseFromReader( doc );
          }
          catch( kXMLParseException pe ){
          }
          catch( IOException ie ){
          }

          下面是一個J2ME的應用程序簡單演示了如何解析xml。如果有時間可以寫寫復雜的測試程序。你可以從如下地址下載源代碼:XMLTest. 里面包括了kxml和nanoxml的源代碼,如果想得到最新的源代碼請參考他們的官方網站,在本站提供了kxml的在線API
          package com.ericgiguere.techtips;

          import java.io.*;
          import java.util.*;
          import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
          import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
          import nanoxml.*;
          import org.kxml.*;
          import org.kxml.parser.*;

          /**
          ?* Simple MIDlet that demonstrates how an XML document can be
          ?* parsed using kXML or NanoXML.
          ?*/

          public class XMLTest extends MIDlet {

          ??? // Our XML document -- normally this would be something you
          ??? // download.
          ???
          ??? private static String xmlDocument =
          ??????? "<list><item>apple</item>" +
          ????????????? "<item>orange</item>" +
          ????????????? "<item>pear</item></list>";
          ?????????????
          ??? private Display display;
          ??? private Command exitCommand = new Command( "Exit",
          ?????????????????????????????????????????????? Command.EXIT, 1 );
          ??????????????????????????????????????????????
          ??? public XMLTest(){
          ??? }
          ???
          ??? protected void destroyApp( boolean unconditional )
          ?????????????????????? throws MIDletStateChangeException {
          ??????? exitMIDlet();
          ??? }
          ???
          ??? protected void pauseApp(){
          ??? }
          ???
          ??? protected void startApp() throws MIDletStateChangeException {
          ??????? if( display == null ){ // first time called...
          ??????????? initMIDlet();
          ??????? }
          ??? }
          ???
          ??? private void initMIDlet(){
          ??????? display = Display.getDisplay( this );
          ???????
          ??????? String [] items;
          ???????
          ??????? //items = parseUsingNanoXML( xmlDocument );
          ??????? items = parseUsingkXML( xmlDocument );
          ???????
          ??????? display.setCurrent( new ItemList( items ) );
          ??? }
          ???
          ??? public void exitMIDlet(){
          ??????? notifyDestroyed();
          ??? }
          ???
          ??? // Parses a document using NanoXML, looking for
          ??? // "item" nodes and returning their content as an
          ??? // array of strings.
          ???
          ??? private String[] parseUsingNanoXML( String xml ){
          ??????? kXMLElement root = new kXMLElement();
          ??????? try {
          ??????????? root.parseString( xml );
          ???????????
          ??????????? Vector list = root.getChildren();
          ??????????? Vector items = new Vector();
          ???????????
          ??????????? for( int i = 0; i < list.size(); ++i ){
          ??????????????? kXMLElement node =
          ???????????????????? (kXMLElement) list.elementAt( i );
          ??????????????? String????? tag = node.getTagName();
          ???????????????
          ??????????????? if( tag == null ) continue;
          ??????????????? if( !tag.equals( "item" ) ) continue;
          ???????????????
          ??????????????? items.addElement( node.getContents() );
          ??????????? }
          ???????????
          ??????????? String[] tmp = new String[ items.size() ];
          ??????????? items.copyInto( tmp );
          ??????????? return tmp;
          ??????? }
          ??????? catch( kXMLParseException ke ){
          ??????????? return new String[]{ ke.toString() };
          ??????? }
          ??? }
          ???
          ??? // Parses a document using kXML, looking for "item"
          ??? // nodes and returning their content as an
          ??? // array of strings.
          ???
          ??? private String[] parseUsingkXML( String xml ){
          ??????? try {
          ??????????? ByteArrayInputStream bin =
          ??????????????????????????? new ByteArrayInputStream(
          ???????????????????????????????????? xml.getBytes() );
          ??????????? InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader( bin );
          ??????????? XmlParser parser = new XmlParser( in );
          ??????????? Vector??? items = new Vector();
          ???????????
          ??????????? parsekXMLItems( parser, items );
          ???????????
          ??????????? String[] tmp = new String[ items.size() ];
          ??????????? items.copyInto( tmp );
          ??????????? return tmp;
          ??????? }
          ??????? catch( IOException e ){
          ??????????? return new String[]{ e.toString() };
          ??????? }
          ??? }
          ???
          ??? private void parsekXMLItems( XmlParser parser, Vector items )
          ???????????????????????????????????? throws IOException {
          ??????? boolean inItem = false;
          ???????
          ??????? while( true ){
          ??????????? ParseEvent event = parser.read();
          ??????????? switch( event.getType() ){
          ??????????????? case Xml.START_TAG:
          ??????????????????? if( event.getName().equals( "item" ) ){
          ??????????????????????? inItem = true;
          ??????????????????? }
          ??????????????????? break;
          ??????????????? case Xml.END_TAG:
          ??????????????????? if( event.getName().equals( "item" ) ){
          ??????????????????????? inItem = false;
          ??????????????????? }
          ??????????????????? break;
          ??????????????? case Xml.TEXT:
          ??????????????????? if( inItem ){
          ??????????????????????? items.addElement( event.getText() );
          ??????????????????? }
          ??????????????????? break;
          ??????????????? case Xml.END_DOCUMENT:
          ??????????????????? return;
          ??????????? }
          ??????? }
          ??? }
          ???
          ??? // Simple List UI component for displaying the list of
          ??? // items parsed from the XML document.
          ???
          ??? class ItemList extends List implements CommandListener {
          ???
          ??????? ItemList( String[] list ){
          ??????????? super( "Items", IMPLICIT, list, null );
          ??????????? addCommand( exitCommand );
          ??????????? setCommandListener( this );
          ??????? }
          ???????
          ??????? public void commandAction( Command c, Displayable d ){
          ??????????? if( c == exitCommand ){
          ??????????????? exitMIDlet();
          ??????????? }
          ??????? }
          ??? }
          }

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