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《maven��介配�|�与�U�服搭徏�?分��n

Tue, 04 Mar 2014 02:49:00 GMT

前段旉��部分��目�Ҏ��maven�Q��ƈ搭徏了nexus�U�服�Q�所以在�l�内做了一个关于maven的分享与培训�Q�下面是�q�次的ppt

http://www.aygfsteel.com/Files/dongbule/maven.zip

----------------------------------------

by 陈于�?
QQ:34174409
Mail: dongbule@163.com

陈于�?/a> 2014-03-04 10:49 发表评论

Sun, 23 Feb 2014 04:54:00 GMT

用mac�pȝ��已经一�q�多了，周边同事也越来越多�h开始用mac�Q�所以在公司内部做了一�ơmac选购和mac os x�pȝ��比较有技术细节的分��n�Q�留�?份ppt用于�U�念�?br />
《mac的选购》对最常见的几个mac��g �Q?macbook air,macbook pro,mac mini,imac �q�行�Ҏ��分析�Q�包括性能��h��和针对的应用分析
《mac选购�?/a> http://www.aygfsteel.com/Files/dongbule/mac%20(1).pptx.zip
在完成分享后�Q�以新增2个同事选购了macbook air ^_^

《mac os x》针对了mac的一些细节分析，��Z��么在05�q�以前苹果不能虚拟机和黑�Ҏ��Q��ؓ什么在�Ҏ��Ҏ��x86�pȝ��Q�黑�Ҏ��横行�Q�mac在内存管理与win有何实质的不同，�Q�，�Q�等�{��?br />《mac os x�?/a>http://www.aygfsteel.com/Files/dongbule/mac%20os.zip

----------------------------------------

陈于�?/a> 2014-02-23 12:54 发表评论

在debian安装nfs-server出现的bug处理

Wed, 06 Apr 2011 09:13:00 GMT

nfs安装与配�|�（debian�Q?/a>
好吧�Q�这个错误浪费了我今天几个小时的旉��Q�必��L��它记录下来�?br /> 问题是这��L��Q�在启动更新了portmap�Q�exportfs�Q�一些没问题后，在做/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart 出现

/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server start
Exporting directories for NFS kernel daemonexportfs: /etc/exports [1]:
Neither 'subtree_check' or 'no_subtree_check' specified for export
"foobar".
Assuming default behaviour ('no_subtree_check').
NOTE: this default has changed since nfs-utils version 1.0.x

.
Starting NFS kernel daemon: nfsd
Not starting: portmap daemon is not running (warning).

警告提示portmap is not running

好吧�Q�检查一下portmap

/home/mnt/index# ps aux | grep portmap
daemon 31478 0.0 0.0 2052 624 ? Ss 13:59 0:00 /sbin/portmap

portmap的状态已�l�是running�Q�在googling后，发现�|�上有�h说是
This is the problem, portmap is not actually running, causing rpc.statd

看来问题�q�是出现rpc上，最主要的进�E�rpc.mountd无法启动

好吧�Q�接下来打开/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server�q�个启动脚本�q�行查看

                 # See if portmap or rpcbind are running
                 (cat /dev/tcp/localhost/111) 2>/dev/null
                 RET=$?
                 if [ $RET != 0 ]; then
                     echo
                     log_warning_msg "Not starting: portmap daemon is not running"
                     exit 0
                 fi

看来问题��出来这个，什么叫“/dev/tcp/localhost/111”�Q�还是googling�Q�网上有��

I find that this is a bashism, but the init-script is marked as a bash script at the
top:
!/bin/bash
再man Bash�Q�发�?br /> Bash, as packaged for Debian, does not support using the /dev/tcp and /dev/udp files

应该很清楚了�Q�如果按照这里的分析�Q�那么我们需要对上面的这个启动脚本进行一下修改就可以完成我们的目的，最直接的就是把exit 0注释掉，另外说一点，�q�个脚本也有些写得不大合理，既然是log_warning_msg�Q�一个warning�Q�就不应该直接的exit 0

陈于�?/a> 2011-04-06 17:13 发表评论

让linux定时执行�U��d��

Wed, 19 Jan 2011 09:47:00 GMT

问题是这��L��Q�有个脚本需�?0�U�钟执行一�ơ，脚本具体功能��׃��l�说�Q�定时�Q务自焉��用crontab�Q�但是crontab最��的执行旉��为分钟，最后决定选用��d�@环进行实现�?br />
脚本

vi hello.sh
#!/bin/sh
while :
do
echo `date` >> /home/chenyz/1 //�q�里是�Q务的实现
sleep 10
done

�q�里的程序运行时间间隔是10s�Q�小心咯�Q�如果没有加sleep 10�Q�你的机器很快就会耗尽资源�Q�负载会狂飙�?br />
接着需要把脚本用后台守护进�E�来�q�行�Q�避免用户退��导致脚本失�?br />

nohup sh hello.sh &

btw�Q�nohup��是no hang up�Q�不挂�v�Q?br />
最后检查一下执行用户退出后相应的进�E�是否��l�在�q�行

root@tech163:/home/chenyz# ps -aux | grep hello
Warning: bad ps syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See http://procps.sf.net/faq.html
root 17275 0.0 0.1 1840 544 pts/1 S 17:33 0:00 /bin/sh ./hello.sh

root@tech163:/home/chenyz# vi 1
Wed Jan 19 17:09:02 CST 2011
Wed Jan 19 17:09:12 CST 2011
Wed Jan 19 17:09:22 CST 2011
Wed Jan 19 17:09:32 CST 2011
Wed Jan 19 17:09:42 CST 2011
Wed Jan 19 17:09:52 CST 2011

如果有更好的办法和想法，虚心��h��Q�欢�q�讨�?br />

陈于�?/a> 2011-01-19 17:47 发表评论

安装配置整理�?awstats

Fri, 10 Dec 2010 09:28:00 GMT

下蝲地址 http://awstats.sourceforge.net
下蝲最新版�?

安装
cd /home/download
wget http://awstats.sourceforge.net/files/awstats-7.0.tar.gz
tar zxf awstats-7.0.tar.gz
mv awstats-7.0 awstats
perl awstats_configure.pl

在[y/n]选择�?输入y
接着输入你要分析的域�?输入tech163
一路Enter

配置
vi /etc/awstats/awstats.tech163.com

LogFile="/home/apache/logs/access_logs"
DirCgi="/home/awstats/wwwroot/cgi-bin"
AllowToUpdateStatsFromBrowser=1

vi /home/apache/conf/httpd.conf

<VirtualHost *>
ServerName awstats.163.com
DocumentRoot "/home/awstats/awstats/wwwroot"
VirtualHost>

Alias /awstatsclasses "/home/awstats/awstats/wwwroot/classes/"
Alias /awstatscss "/home/awstats/awstats/wwwroot/css/"
Alias /awstatsicons "/home/awstats/awstats/wwwroot/icon/"
ScriptAlias /awstats/ "/home/awstats/awstats/wwwroot/cgi-bin/"

cd /home/awstats/wwwroot/cgi-bin
perl awstats.pl -config=tech163 -update -lang=cn
perl awstats.pl -config=tech163 -output -staticlinks -lang=cn>awstats.tech163.html

��试
http://awstats.163.com/awstats/awstats.pl?config=tech163.com

host指定 awstats.163.com �?配置的机器ip

陈于�?/a> 2010-12-10 17:28 发表评论

安装配置整理�?memcached

Tue, 07 Dec 2010 08:34:00 GMT

memcached需要依赖到以下的一�p�d��?br /> gcc
libevent
glibc-devel

下蝲
cd /home/download
wget http://www.monkey.org/~provos/libevent-1.4.13-stable.tar.gz
wget http://www.danga.com/memcached/dist/memcached-1.4.0.tar.gz

安装
tar -zxvf libevent-1.4.13-stable.tar.gz
cd libevent-1.4.13-stable
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent
make && make install

tar -zxvf memcached-1.4.0.tar.gz
cd memcached-1.4.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent
make && make install

启动
/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -m 64 -u root -p 11211 -c 1024 -P /var/memcached.pid
-d 为守护进�E?br /> -m 为分配的内存�?br /> -u �q�行memcached的用�?br /> -p 监听的端�?br /> -c 最大的�q�发�q�接�?br /> -P 保存pid文�g

�q�有很多的启动选项,通过帮助查看
/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -h

��试
在windows开启命令行
telnet 192.168.1.100 11211
用telnet��试一下以下命�?br /> stats 查询状�?br /> version 查询版本
quit 退�?br /> flush_all 清空�~�存数据

�l�束�q�程
kill cat /var/memcached.pid

陈于�?/a> 2010-12-07 16:34 发表评论

安装配置整理�?PHP-FPM

Tue, 30 Nov 2010 10:44:00 GMT

PHP-FPM �?一个PHP FastCGI�q�程��理�?br />
FastCGI是一个可伸羃的，高速地在web server和脚本语�a�间交互的接口。FastCGI的主要优�Ҏ��把动态语�a�和web server分离开来。这�U�技术允许把web server和动态语�a��q�行在不同的��L��上，以大规模扩展和改�q�安全性而不损失生��效率�?br />
php-fpm可以和�Q何支持远端FastCGI的web server工作

安装
php-5.2.13.tar.gz
php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz

tar zxvf php-5.2.13.tar.gz
gunzip php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz

patch -d php-5.2.13 -p1 < php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.14.diff (�l�php源码打fpm补丁)

cd php-5.2.13

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-force-cgi-redirect

make &&　make install

��查安装的情况

cd /usr/local/php/bin

./php -v

PHP 5.2.13 (cli) (built: Nov 30 2010 16:59:45)
Copyright (c) 1997-2010 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2010 Zend Technologies

##出现上面的显�C��明安装正�?br />
cp /home/download/php-5.2.13/php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

去除下列两行的注�?br /> nobody
nobody

启动php-fpm
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start

配置nginx(配置nginx�?安装配置整理�?nginx)

server {
listen       80;
server_name  www.test.com;
root   /home/htmlfile/test;

location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
root           html;
fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index  index.php;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /home/htmlfile/test$fastcgi_script_name;
include        fastcgi_params;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$  {
expires      30d;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$  {
expires      1h;
}
#access_log  /var/logs/access.log  access;
}

## server部分为PHP虚拟��L��127.0.0.1�Q?000为fastcgi的主�?br />
重启nginx

�?home/htmlfile/test目录下新建test.php
内容�?lt;?php phpinfo(); ?>

既通过www.test.com/test.php�q�行讉K��,出现php的信息页,则安装成�?br />

陈于�?/a> 2010-11-30 18:44 发表评论

安装配置整理�?mysql

Tue, 30 Nov 2010 07:21:00 GMT

mysql的官方网站是 http://www.mysql.com

tar zxvf mysql-5.1.50.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.1.50

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-charset=gbk --with-extra-charset=all --enable-hread-safe-client
--enable-local-infile --with-low-memory

make && make install

chmod +w /usr/local/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysql

/bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

陈于�?/a> 2010-11-30 15:21 发表评论

安装配置整理�?nginx

Tue, 30 Nov 2010 04:45:00 GMT

nginx的官方网站是:http://www.nginx.org

Nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能�?HTTP �?反向代理服务器，也是一�?IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器�?Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev ��Z��|�斯讉K��量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的�Q�它已经在该站点�q�行��过两年半了。Igor ��源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。尽��还是测试版�Q�但是，Nginx 已经因�ؓ它的�E�_��性、丰富的功能集、示例配�|�文件和低系�l�资源的消耗而闻名了�?br />
nginx的特�?/strong>
1.目前官方 Nginx �q�不支持Windows,您只能在包括Linux,UNIX,BSD�pȝ��下安装和使用
2.Nginx 本��n只是一个HTTP和反向代理服务器�Q�它无法像Apache一样通过安装各种模块来支持不同的��面脚本�Q�例如PHP、CGI�{?br /> 3.Nginx 支持��单的负蝲均衡和容�?br /> 4.支持作�ؓ基本 HTTP 服务器的功能�Q�例如日志、压�~�、Byte ranges、Chunked responses、SSL、虚拟主机等�{�，应有��有

安装
安装nginx前需要确保系�l�中已经安装PCRE�?PCRE library�q�个是HTTP Rewrite模块,也即是url静态化的包,到http://www.pcre.org下蝲最新的PCRE源码�?

或直接��用yum install pcre,apt-get instll pcre�q�行安装

��d�� http://www.nginx.org/en/download.html 下蝲最新的版本

wget http://www.nginx.org/download/nginx-0.8.53.tar.gz

tar zxvf nginx-0.8.53.tar.gz

cd nginx-0.8.53

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-pcre=/home/download/pcre-8.01 --with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl=/home/download/openssl-1.0.0a --with-http_stub_status_module

##指定pcre目录和启动ssl,https模块

make

make install

##��Z��么Nginx的性能要比Apache高得�?�q�得益于Nginx使用了最新的epoll(Linux 2.6内核)和kqueue(freebsd)�|�络I/O模型�Q�而Apache则��用的是传�l�的select模型。目前Linux下能够承受高�q�发讉K��?Squid、Memcached都采用的是epoll�|�络I/O模型,处理大量的连接的��d��Q�Apache所采用的select�|�络I/O模型非常低效

配置
�~�辑vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf,其中/usr/local/nginx为安装�\�?span style="color: #000000;">

##指定nginx的用户名和用��L��
user  nobody;

##启动�q�程�?/span>
worker_processes  8;
worker_rlimit_nofile 10240;

##指定PID文�g
pid        logs/nginx.pid;

##指定工作模式和链接上�?/span>
events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections  10240;
}

##http服务�?/span>
http {
include       mime.types;
default_type  text/html;

##指定日志格式
log_format  main  '$http_x_forwarded_for - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
                  '"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

##指定accesslog
access_log logs/nginx.log main;

##指定��时
keepalive_timeout  300;

##开启gzip模块
gzip  on;
gzip_min_length  1000;
gzip_buffers     4 8k;
gzip_types       text/*;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
output_buffers   1 32k;
postpone_output  1460;
gzip_proxied     any;
gzip_vary        on;

##指定��h��的缓�?/span>
client_header_timeout   5m;
client_body_timeout     5m;
send_timeout            5m;
sendfile                on;
tcp_nopush              on;
tcp_nodelay             off;
client_header_buffer_size 16k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 64k;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
ssi on;
ssi_silent_errors on;
ssi_types text/shtml;

##指定虚拟��L��
server {
listen      80;
server_name _;
server_name_in_redirect  off;

location / {
root /dev/null;
}

}

##指定include文�g
include servers/*.com;

}

新徏proxy.conf

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;    ##讑֮�header
proxy_set_header RealIP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding ' ';
proxy_hide_header Vary;    ##隐藏header
add_header via_up $upstream_addr;
proxy_connect_timeout   2m;    ##代理�q�接��时
proxy_send_timeout      2m;    ##代理发送超�?/span>
proxy_read_timeout      2m;    ##代理发送超�?/span>
proxy_temp_file_write_size 2048m;##讑֮��~�存文�g夹大��?/span>
proxy_buffer_size               256k;
proxy_buffers                   4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 512k;

proxy_ignore_client_abort off;

proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header;

新徏目录/conf/servers,�q�新建配�|�文件test.com

server {
        listen   80;
        server_name  245.test.com;
        root /home/htmlfile/test;

        location = / {
            proxy_temp_path /var/www/cache;
            index index.html index.htm;
        }

}

修改配置文�g�?通过以下命��o��查配�|�是否正��?br />

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

启动命��o
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
停止命��o
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
�q�x��重新加蝲配置文�g
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
��d��到自启动
echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" >> /etc/rc.local

陈于�?/a> 2010-11-30 12:45 发表评论

安装配置整理�?软�g卸蝲

Mon, 29 Nov 2010 07:14:00 GMT
1.卸蝲rpm�?br /> 通过 rpm -qa | grep httpd 搜烦�?br />
httpd-2.2.3-43.el5.centos.3

�?br />
rpm -e httpd-2.2.3-43.el5.centos.3

如果出现提示有其他相兛_��依赖此rpm,可以选择强制卸蝲

2.yum �?apt-get 卸蝲

yum -y remove httpd
yum -y remove httpd* 卸蝲多个相识的��Y�?br />
3.卸蝲自编译包
make uninstall �?手动删除

陈于�?/a> 2010-11-29 15:14 发表评论

安装配置整理�?net-snmp

Mon, 29 Nov 2010 03:34:00 GMT
NET-SNMP的官方网站是:http://www.net-snmp.org
先阅��M��下官�|�的一点说�?详细见官�|?
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a widely used protocol for monitoring the health and welfare of network equipment (eg.routers), computer equipment and even devices like UPSs. Net-SNMP is a suite of applications used to implement SNMP v1, SNMP v2c and SNMP v3 using both IPv4 and IPv6
...

安装

在http://www.net-snmp.org/download.html选择最新版本进行下�?br />
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/net-snmp/files/net-snmp/5.6/net-snmp-5.6.tar.gz

tar -xvf net-snmp-5.6.tar.gz

cd net-snmp-5.6

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/net-snmp --with-default-snmp-version="2" --with-logfile=/usr/local/net-snmp/log/snmplog.log --with-persistent-directory=/var/net-snmp

�?br /> --prefix 安装的�\�?br /> --with-default-snmp-version 默认的版�?br /> --with-logfile 日志文�g的�\�?br /> --with-persistent-directory 固定数据存储目录

make && make install

cp EXAPLE.conf /usr/local/net-snmp/share/snmp/snmpd.conf

vi snmpd.conf

60 #       sec.name  source          community
61 com2sec local     localhost       COMMUNITY
62 com2sec mynetwork NETWORK/24      COMMUNITY

修改�?nbsp;

60 #       sec.name  source          community
61 com2sec local     localhost       public
62 com2sec mynetwork NETWORK/24      public

�?etc/rc.local�q�加
/usr/local/net-snmp/sbin/snmpd -c /usr/local/net-snmp/share/snmp/snmpd.conf

�?etc/profile文�g的export命��o前追�?br /> PATH=/usr/local/net-snmp/bin:/usr/local/net-snmp/sbin:$PATH

��?/strong>

使用 ps -aux | grep snmpd查看snmpd的进�E�是否启�?br />
使用如下命��o从本机检查snmp是否得到�pȝ��数据

snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost

如果�q�回的不是Time out,而是�pȝ��信息��p��明net-snmp安装成功

陈于�?/a> 2010-11-29 11:34 发表评论

cacti的简介与应用

Tue, 02 Nov 2010 09:28:00 GMT
上周�l�同事讲解了cacti的安装及其��用时做了一份ppt,在这里将�q�䆾ppt��单梳理一下介�l�一下cacti在我们日常工作中的监控��?br />
cacti的结�?/strong>
在广义上来说cacti是一套网�l�流量监��图形分析工�?但从狭义来说cacti只是由php语言实现的一个��Y�?

它需要PHP,apache,Mysql,SNMP,RRDTool�{�工��L��支持

从上囑֏�以很明确看出cacti的三层架构之间的关系
�W�一层是数据采集,通过snmp��单网�l�协�?和一批自定义的脚本进行采�?br /> �W�二层是数据存储,分别通过mysql存储cacti的模板和一些一定的信息,RRDTool用来存储所监控到的性能文�g,后缀�?rrd
�W�三层是数据展现,cacti的web方式展现

cacti主要功能是用snmp服务获取数据,然后用rrdtool储存和更新数�?当用户需要查看数据的时�?rrdtool生成图表呈现�l�用戗��因�? snmp和rrdtool是cacti的关�?snmp关系着数据的收集，rrdtool关系着数据存储和图表的生成.

snmp抓到数据不是存储在mysql中而是存在rrdtool生成的rrd文�g�?rrdtool�Ҏ��据的更新和存储就是对rrd文�g的处�?rrd 文�g是大��固定的档案文�g,它能够存储的数据�W�数在创建时已经定义.
Mysql配合PHP�E�序存储一些变量数据�ƈ对变量数据进行调�?如：��L��名、主�?ip,snmp 团体名、端口号、模板信息等变量�?br />
*.SNMP协议
SNMP(��单网�l�管理协�?前��n是简单网关监控协�?SGMP), 用来寚w��信�U��\�q�行��理
↓
加入�W�合Internet定义�?strong>SMI和MIB�q�行体系整合
↓
��单网�l�管理协�?SNMP)是Internet�l�织用来��理Internet的网�l�协�?br />
*.MIB & SMI
MIB, ��理信息库，��q��l�管理协议访问的��理对象数据库，它包括SNMP可以通过�|�络讑֤�的SNMP��理代理�q�行讄��的变�?br /> SMI,��理信息�l�构�Q�用于定义通过�|�络��理协议可访问的对象的规则。SMI定义在MIB中��用的数据�c�d��及网�l�资源在MIB中的名称或表�C��?br />
*.SNMP的网�l�模�?/strong>

使用SNMP�q�行�|�络��理需要下面几个重要部分：��理基站�Q�管理代理，��理信息库和�|�络��理工具。管理基站通常是一个独立的讑֤��Q�它用作�|�络��理者进行网 �l�管理的用户接口。基站上必须装备有管理��Y�Ӟ��理员可以��用的用户接口和从MIB取得信息的数据库�Q�同时�ؓ了进行网�l�管理它应该具备��管理命令发出基站的能力

�?关于MIB介绍可以�?lt;SNMP MIB完整手册>

*.net-snmp
NET-SNMP是一个代理SNMP协议的��Y�?�q�提供管理端的查询工�?支持多种扩展方式
在被监测和监��机器进行安�?br /> http://www.net-snmp.org/download.html
配置
/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

讄��自启�?br /> /usr/sbin/snmpd -c /usr/local/net-snmp/snmpd.conf &
��试
snmpwalk -v 2c -c public 127.0.0.1
snmpwalk -v 1 -c public 127.0.0.1 .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10 (负蝲��?

*.RRDTool
RRDTool使用RRD�Q�Round Robin Database�Q�作为存储格式，Round robin是一�U�处理定量数据、以及当前元素指针的技术。RRDTool主要用来跟踪对象的变化情况，生成�q�些变化的走势图
RRDTool的存储特�?br />
存储数据的数据库�I�间看成一个圆
指针会随着数据的读写操作在圆的��d��上自动移�?br /> 圆没有�v点和�l�点
当所有的�I�间都存满了数据�Q�就又从头开始存�?br /> RRDtool 所使用的数据库文�g的后�~�名是'.rrd'

*.Cacti的安�?/strong>

需要安装以下��Y�?br />
1)安装Apache,Mysql,PHP
2)安装RRDTool
(cgilib-0.5.tar.gz,zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz,libpng-1.2.18.tar.gz,freetype-2.3.5.tar.gz,libart_lgpl-2.3.17.tar.gz,rrdtool-1.2.23.tar.gz)
3)安装net-snmp
4)安装cacti

*.Cacti的配�|?/strong>
修改cacti的config.php

新增crontab定时�?br />

接下来就可以讉K��

*.�q�入cacti的设�|?/strong>

配置SNMP版本,rrdtool�c�d��,和net-snmp的工兯��\�?br />

具体的安装配�|�和应用��׃��演示,下面是ppt附�g,安装和配�|�有什么问题可以同我联�p?br />
--------------------------------

补充
有朋友对rrdtools提了一炚w��?

RRDTool保存数据是��@环的�Q�而且大小不变。那是不是说�Q�他只能保存一定数量活一�D�|��据，然后保持更新�?br /> 比如�Q�RRD只有6个刻度，用来保存一个小时内�Q�每10分钟的流量。从10�?0分开始的话，�?1点就满了�Q�那么就开始��@环刷��C��?br /> 11�?0分的数据��p��盖了10�?0分的数据�?br /> 可是如果我分析的没错的话�Q�那数据不就丢失了么�Q�如果想查看历史怎么办呢�Q?br />

因�ؓrrd整个存储�I�间的大��就是一个固定的�?在一�D�|��间后,当所有空间都存满数据�?��׃��从头开始存�?所以这涉及到rrdtool的前期规�?以下是截取了http://www.rrdtool.org的说�?br />
    When monitoring the state of a system, it is convenient to have the data available at a constant time interval. Unfortunately, you may not always be able to fetch data at exactly the time you want to. Therefore RRDtool lets you update the log file at any time you want. It will automatically interpolate the value of the data-source (DS) at the latest official time-slot (interval) and write this interpolated value to the log. The original value you have supplied is stored as well and is also taken into account when interpolating the next log entry.
Consolidation
    You may log data at a 1 minute interval, but you might also be interested to know the development of the data over the last year. You could do this by simply storing the data in 1 minute intervals for the whole year. While this would take considerable disk space it would also take a lot of time to analyze the data when you wanted to create a graph covering the whole year. RRDtool offers a solution to this problem through its data consolidation feature. When setting up an Round Robin Database (RRD), you can define at which interval this consolidation should occur, and what consolidation function (CF) (average, minimum, maximum, total, last) should be used to build the consolidated values (see rrdcreate). You can define any number of different consolidation setups within one RRD. They will all be maintained on the fly when new data is loaded into the RRD.
Round Robin Archives
    Data values of the same consolidation setup are stored into Round Robin Archives (RRA). This is a very efficient manner to store data for a certain amount of time, while using a known and constant amount of storage space.
    It works like this: If you want to store 1'000 values in 5 minute interval, RRDtool will allocate space for 1'000 data values and a header area. In the header it will store a pointer telling which slots (value) in the storage area was last written to. New values are written to the Round Robin Archive in, you guessed it, a round robin manner. This automatically limits the history to the last 1'000 values (in our example). Because you can define several RRAs within a single RRD, you can setup another one, for storing 750 data values at a 2 hour interval, for example, and thus keep a log for the last two months at a lower resolution.
    The use of RRAs guarantees that the RRD does not grow over time and that old data is automatically eliminated. By using the consolidation feature, you can still keep data for a very long time, while gradually reducing the resolution of the data along the time axis.
    Using different consolidation functions (CF) allows you to store exactly the type of information that actually interests you: the maximum one minute traffic on the LAN, the minimum temperature of your wine cellar, the total minutes of down time, etc.

----------------------------------------

by 陈于�?
QQ:34174409
Mail: dongbule@163.com

陈于�?/a> 2010-11-02 17:28 发表评论

Mon, 01 Nov 2010 09:35:00 GMT
上次写的<VPS的购买和使用>中提��C��openVPN�Q�也做了一点点��单的介绍�Q�有朋友也问了一些关于vpn的问�?br /> 首先�Q�我所购买的vps是基于OpenVZ�c�d��Q�无法配�|�标准的VPN(无测试过),部分手机可能无法支持,但OpenVZ支持pptp和openVPN

��L��录OPENVPN官网查阅最新资�?lt;http://openvpn.net/>

ok!在安装之前请��认一下你购买的vps是否开启了tun/tap的支持，burst vps默认是不开启tun/tap的，可以使用cat /dev/net/tun �q�行��?br />

如果是没有权限的话可以发个ticket要求客服��Z��开启tun/tap

出现File descriptor in bad state说明tun/tap已经开启，可以开始进行openVPN的安装配�|?br />
我的vps安装的系�l��ؓCentOS release 5.5 (Final)�Q�下面一�p�d��安装和配�|�都在此vps上进�?�Ҏ�� <OpenVPN服务器配�|�（转蝲�Q?/a>>配置

一.服务端安�?/strong>

现在开始在vps上安装和配置openVPN�Q�需要的有下列的软�g
gcc g++ [gcc g++为系�l�需要的�~�译工具]
lzo�?nbsp; [Lzo库的功能是对虚拟链�\�q�行压羃]
openssl [囊括了主要的密码��法、常用的密钥和证书封装管理功能以及SSL协议]
openvpn

1.安装�~�译工具gcc g++

# yum install gcc
# yum install gcc-c++

2.安装lzo�?/strong>

# cd /home/download/
# wget http://www.oberhumer.com/opensource/lzo/download/lzo-2.03.tar.gz
# tar -xvzf lzo-2.03.tar.gz
# cd lzo-2.03
# ./configure -prefix=/usr/local/lzo && make && make install
# vi /etc/ld.so.conf

�~�辑完ld.so.conf,执行

# ldconfig

使动态库生效

3.安装openssl

# cd /home/download/
# wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-0.9.8.tar.gz
# tar -xvzf openssl-0.9.8.tar.gz
# ./config -prefix=/usr/local/openssl && make && make install

4.安装openvpn

# cd /home/download/
# wget http://www.openvpn.net/release/openvpn-2.0.9.tar.gz
# tar -xvzf openvpn-2.0.9.tar.gz
# cd openvpn-2.0.9
# ./configure -prefix=/usr/local/openvpn && make && make install

�?配置

1.创徏配置环境

# mkdir /etc/openvpn
# cp -R /home/download/openvpn-2.0.9/easy-rsa/ /etc/openvpn
# cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/
# ls
total 112
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   121 Oct 26 03:14 build-ca
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   354 Oct 26 03:14 build-dh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   190 Oct 26 03:14 build-inter
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   165 Oct 26 03:14 build-key
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   159 Oct 26 03:14 build-key-pass
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   251 Oct 26 03:14 build-key-pkcs12
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   270 Oct 26 03:14 build-key-server
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   215 Oct 26 03:14 build-req
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   160 Oct 26 03:14 build-req-pass
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   430 Oct 26 03:14 clean-all
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  1459 Oct 26 03:14 inherit-inter
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   297 Oct 26 03:14 list-crl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   422 Oct 26 03:14 Makefile
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  7768 Oct 26 03:14 openssl-0.9.6.cnf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  8230 Oct 26 03:14 openssl.cnf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12068 Oct 26 03:14 pkitool
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  8864 Oct 26 03:14 README
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   894 Oct 26 03:14 revoke-full
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   180 Oct 26 03:14 sign-req
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  1602 Oct 26 03:14 vars
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   190 Oct 26 03:14 whichopensslcnf

�l�果是程序以及脚本，�q�个��要的说明一�?br />
vars         脚本�Q�是用来创徏环境变量�Q�设�|�所需要的变量的脚�?br /> clean-all    脚本�Q�是创徏生成CA证书及密�?文�g所需要的文�g和目�?br /> build-ca     脚本�Q�生成CA证书(交互)
build-dh     脚本�Q�生成Diffie-Hellman文�g(交互)
build-key-server 脚本�Q�生成服务器端密�?交互)
build-key    脚本�Q�生成客��L��密钥(交互)
pkitool    脚本�Q�直接��用vars的环境变量设�|�直接生成证�?非交�?

2.生成CA证书及密�?/strong>

# cd /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/
# ./vars
NOTE: If you run ./clean-all, I will be doing a rm -rf on /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys

�?如果你执行了./clean-all,�pȝ��删�?etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys下的文�g

修改vars文�g
# vi vars

export KEY_COUNTRY="CN"
export KEY_PROVINCE="GZ"
export KEY_CITY="guangzhou"
export KEY_ORG="NCS"
export KEY_EMAIL="dongbule@163.com"

# ./vars

3.初始化keys文�g�?/strong>

# ./clean-all #[�?删除/etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/2.0/keys下的文�g]
# ./build-ca  #[�?生成一个a 1024 bit RSA的密�?writing new private key to 'ca.key']

一路按回�R��可�?br />

# cd keys
# ls
ca.crt  ca.key  index.txt  serial

可以看到生成的ca.crt ca.key文�g

4.生成Diffie-Hellman文�g

# cd ..
# ./build-dh #[�?Generating DH parameters, 1024 bit long safe prime]
# ls  keys
ca.crt  ca.key  dh1024.pem  index.txt  serial

�?可以看到生成�?024为的Diffie-Hellman文�g

5.生成服务器��用的VPN server ca证书

# ./build-key-server chenyz #[�?其中chenyz是CA证书的一个名字]

一路回�?Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 选择y

然后把刚才生成的CA证书和密钥copy�?etc/openvpn/�?br />
# cd keys
# cp ca.crt ca.key chenyz.crt chenyz.key dh1024.pem /etc/openvpn/

6.生成客户端CA证书及密�?/strong>

# ./build-key client-chenyz
一路回�?Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 选择y

在keys目录下生成了client-chenyz.crt client-chenyz.csr client-chenyz.key三个客户端证�?br /> �q�且��ca.crt ca.key client-chenyz.crt client-chenyz.csr client-chenyz.key 五个文�g打包,以便客户端vpn

使用

# cd keys
# mkdir userkey
# cp ca.crt ca.key client-chenyz.crt client-chenyz.csr client-chenyz.key userkey/
# tar -zcvf userkey.tar.gz userkey/
userkey/
userkey/ca.crt
userkey/client-chenyz.csr
userkey/ca.key
userkey/client-chenyz.key
userkey/client-chenyz.crt

# sz userkey.tar.gz
Starting zmodem transfer.  Press Ctrl+C to cancel.
Transferring userkey.tar.gz
  100%       4 KB    4 KB/s 00:00:01       0 Errors

使用sz��其下蝲到windows客户�?br />
7.openvpn配置文�g

# cp /home/download/openvpn-2.0.9/sample-config-files/server.conf /etc/openvpn/openvpn.conf
��vpenvpn的原始样例文件复制到/etc/openvpn�?�q�改名�ؓopenvpn.conf,我们��在样例文�g上进行修�?br />

使用的端口，默认1194

使用的协议，默认使用UDP�Q�如果��用HTTP proxy�Q�必��M��用TCP协议

ca:使用build-ca生成的，用于验证客户是证书是否合�?br /> cert:使用build-key-server,Server使用的证书对应的key,注意安全,防止被盗

dh:生成的加密文�?br />

通过VPN Server往Client push路由�Q�client通过pull指��o获得Server push的所有选项�q�应�?br />

可以让客��L��之间�怺�讉K��直接通过openvpn�E�序转发

如果Client使用的CA的Common Name有重复了�Q�或者说客户都��用相同的CA #和keys�q�接VPN�Q�一定要打开�q�个选项�Q�否则只允许一个�h�q�接VPN

�Ҏ��据进行压�~?br />

定义用户

openvpn状态log

每次重新启动openvpn后保留原有的log信息�Q�新信息�q�加到文件最�?br />
8.启动OpenVPN

修改完毕�?卛_��以启动vpn,--daemon为后台守护进�E�模型启�?br /> /usr/local/openvpn/sbin/openvpn --daemon --config /etc/openvpn/openvpn.conf

使用netstat -ln 查看1194openvpn的端口是否已�l��v�?br />
�?win客户端的安装和配�|?/strong>

下蝲openvpn客户�?http://www.openvpn.net/release/openvpn-2.0.9-install.exe 安装完毕
把刚刚打包的userkey.tar.gz下蝲解压�?C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\config 目录�?br /> ��?home/download/openvpn-2.0.9/sample-config-files/client.conf 也下载到 C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\config 目录�?br />
接着是配�|�这个client.conf客户端配�|�文�?br />
主要修改有以下几个地�?br />
dev tun
proto tcp
remote 你的vpn地址 1194
user nobody
group nogroup
ca ca.crt
cert client-chenyz.crt
key client-chenyz.key   ##�?文�g名和路径必须对应
comp-lzo
redirect-gateway def1

��保与服务端的配�|�对�?然后��client.conf修改文�g名�ؓclient.ovpn,右键点击client.ovpn,选择"Start OpenVPN on this config file"

可以看到�q�接已经成功,�q�且创徏�?[本地�q�接 6] 一条新的链�?br />

或者你也可以打开C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\bin\openvpn-gui-1.0.3.exe�q�行�q�接,双击后会在�Q务栏里有个小�q�接图标,变成�l�色的话��p��明你�q�接成功

openvpn的参数配�|?感觉不算很多,也比较容易理�?中文的资料也很齐�?大概�q�个东西在国内还是广泛应�?��d��^_^)

如果只是��单的应用,配置倒真的很��?不过如果真的是要用�v�?�|�段讄��和访问控制各�U�问题真的不��?入是否配�|�dhcp,是否分配dns,vpn如何和内�|�通讯,很多很多,因�ؓ我只是拿来做代理�q�里��׃��l�说�?br />

----------------------------------------

by 陈于�?
QQ:34174409
Mail: dongbule@163.com

陈于�?/a> 2010-11-01 17:35 发表评论

av一区和二区,丁香婷婷深情五月亚洲,91福利精品第一导航

《maven���介配�|�与�U�服搭徏�?分��n

在debian安装nfs-server出现的bug处理

让linux定时执行�U�����d��