隨筆檔案

It was about 1 year ago that Coalesys released the first WebMenu 2.0 beta.? At that time we began demonstrating a technique for overlaying windowed controls in Internet Explorer.

In case you don't already know, windowed controls in IE will always cover DHTML layers.? That means if you have a DIV that pops up or floats on the page and it intersects with a windowed control (such as the common SELECT box), the windowed control will obscure the DIV, no matter what zIndex you have set for each element.? More information is available in this Microsoft KB article.

The initial solution adopted by most developers who cared about such things (including ourselves) was to dynamically hide windowed controls when it was necessary to display the DIV over them.? Far from being a perfect solution, it was better than the alternative of doing nothing at all.

It did have one very frustrating aspect.? People who evaluated WebMenu didn't understand why their select boxes would disappear.? And we are talking much more than just ASP.NET developers, as we produce WebMenu for ASP, as well as general web development.? It seemed like every day we received a support question, "I found a bug in WebMenu.?The select boxes are disappearing".? And although we did provide the ability to turn the feature off, nobody really bothered once they understood the nature of the issue.

Then, as luck would have it, a developer called who wanted to use our product for it's broad set of features, but who absolutely needed to have the menu appear over some windowed objects.? What was unique about his call was that he had the idea for a solution and shared it with us.? While we didn't use the full scope of his idea, we were able to take from it what we needed to cover windowed controls in IE 5.5.??So, enough yacking.? You probably surfed here to read about the solution.? And here it is:

IFRAME

The IFRAME control has a unique nature in IE 5.5.? It can exist in both the zIndex of windowed controls and the zIndex of regular HTML elements.? Simply put, you can shim an IFRAME under your DIV.?The IFRAME will block out the windowed control.

Set up your IFRAME:

<IFRAME style="DISPLAY: none; LEFT: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0px" src="javascript:false;" frameBorder="0" scrolling="no"></IFRAME>

The src attribute is set?with a useless JavaScript statement so that the IFRAME does not try to load a page (which you won't notice it doing, but it will be the cause for tripping the "Unsecured Items" message if you use it on a HTTPS page).

You can code your IFRAME as a static element on the page, or if you are going to be using more than one of them you may want to dynamically create them as required.? The insertAdjacentHTML() method is good for that.

Now, all that is needed is to size the IFRAME according to the dimensions of your DIV, position it,?place it one layer beneath the DIV in the zIndex order and make it "visible".? The IFRAME's style object will allow you to do these tasks:

iframe.style.top
iframe.style.left
iframe.style.width
iframe.style.height
iframe.style.zIndex
iframe.style.display

What about?transparency?

If the DIV has transparent areas, you'll want those areas?to punch?through the IFRAME to the page background.? There are two ways you can make an IFRAME transparent.? The one that works for this situation is to set the style object's filter property:

iframe.style.filter='progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(style=0,opacity=0)';

This in effect makes the entire IFRAME transparent, but it will still block out the windowed controls.? The other technique, which uses?the IFRAME element's ALLOWTRANSPARENCY attribute, actually pertains to making the?interior page background of the IFRAME transparent, so that any?content inside the IFRAME?can have transparency.? However, this mode changes the nature of the IFRAME and it no longer serves our purpose for blocking out windowed controls.

What about IE versions prior to 5.5?

The IFRAME's unique nature surfaced only in IE 5.5.? Prior to this, IFRAMEs where straight windowed controls themselves.? That means they could get above?other windowed controls, but no HTML element (like the DIV) could be seen above them.? There is a solution, but it involves a lot of effort to get working.? You can dynamically write the content of your DIV into the IFRAME itself, get it sized appropriately based on the dimensions of the original DIV, and then just move it around as your absolutely positioned element.? There are a couple of caveats:

1.? The IFRAME, like any?frame, ?has it's own JavaScript environment.? If you want DHTML actions in the IFRAME to integrate with the JavaScript functions in your main page, you will have to bridge the gap between the two JavaScript environments.

2.? Mouse events, such as OnMouseOut and OnMouseOver, can be called out of logical order when the mouse moves between frames in IE 4 and 5.? This problem is compounded when you are using timers and need to precisely control their execution and cancellation via mouse events.

Our original WebMenu 2.0 beta used this technique successfully for IE 4 and 5, but in?looking forward to adding new features to the product, we could see that this solution "over-worked the plumbing" to a great extent.? The "shim" technique?compatible only with IE 5.5 had zero architectural impact and was chosen for this reason.? You can still hide windowed elements in earlier browsers as an acceptable solution.


??????還有一篇中文的，在google里很多，我也不知道哪個是原作，如果是您，請通知我我會立即加上鏈接:)

下拉框，即html的SELECT元素，.net設計時的DropDownList，是html中的windowed element，尤其ie6之后，幾乎是唯一的windowed element（還有popup等少量極少用的的）。

普通的元素，textbox, div, table……這些，屬于windowless element，它們之間互相遮蓋的情況由z-index決定，在它們之上，是SELECT這些windowed element。所以一般情況下div、table等不能遮蓋select。

這個問題廣泛存在于各種彈出式控件的使用之中，比如日歷控件等。

如果要顯示div，以前的做法是，動態的，在顯示的時候，讓div區域的select不可見，div消失的時候，再恢復這些select元素。這種做法比較奇怪，因為它嚴格上并不是“遮蓋”了select，而是，讓她整個消失了，如果calendar彈出元素只是應該遮蓋select元素的一部分，但select卻整個不見，用戶也許會覺得奇怪；做起來也麻煩，要用js逐一判斷各select的位置。

ie5.5之后，有一個新的小技巧，稱之為“iframe shim”（iframe加塞:p），可以真正的“遮蓋”select元素。

它利用了一種特殊的元素：iframe。在ie5.5之前，iframe也是windowed element，但從5.5開始，iframe就是普通的windowless element了，可是，雖然是windowless element，iframe卻可以蓋住select。這種做法的原理就是：放一個iframe與你要顯示的東西（比如說一個div）同樣大小、位置，并設置z-index使得iframe在此DIV之下；這樣，iframe遮蓋了select，同時，iframe又在要顯示的div的下面，div就露出來了。

限制：僅適用于ie5.5及以后版本。

參考文章鏈接：
http://dotnetjunkies.com/WebLog/jking/archive/2003/07/21/488.aspx

示例程序代碼：
//html.select.hack.iframe shim.htm
<html>
<head>
<script>
function DivSetVisible(state)
{
var DivRef = document.getElementById('PopupDiv');
var IfrRef = document.getElementById('DivShim');
if(state)
{
DivRef.style.display = "block";
IfrRef.style.width = DivRef.offsetWidth;
IfrRef.style.height = DivRef.offsetHeight;
IfrRef.style.top = DivRef.style.top;
IfrRef.style.left = DivRef.style.left;
IfrRef.style.zIndex = DivRef.style.zIndex - 1;
IfrRef.style.display = "block";
}
else
{
DivRef.style.display = "none";
IfrRef.style.display = "none";
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body background="http://www.orkut.com/img/i_blau2.gif">
<form>
<select>
<option>A Select Box is Born ....</option>
</select>
</form>
<div
id="PopupDiv"
style="position:absolute;font:italic normal bolder 12pt Arial; top:25px; left:50px; padding:4px; display:none; color:#ffff00; z-index:100">
.... and a DIV can cover it up<br>through the help of an IFRAME.
</div>
<iframe
id="DivShim"
src="javascript:false;"
scrolling="no"
frameborder="0"
style="position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px; display:none;filter=progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha(style=0,opacity=0);">
</iframe>
<br>
<br>
<a href="#" onclick="DivSetVisible(true)">Click to show DIV.</a>
<br>
<br>
<a href="#" onclick="DivSetVisible(false)">Click to hide DIV.</a>
</body>
</html>