�??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:trackback="http://madskills.com/public/xml/rss/module/trackback/" xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"><channel><title>&#20122;&#27954;&#27431;&#32654;&#26085;&#38889;&#19968;&#21306;&#20108;&#21306;&#22312;&#32447;&#44;&#20037;&#20037;&#19968;&#21306;&#20108;&#21306;&#19977;&#21306;&#22235;&#21306;&#20116;&#21306;&#13;&#44;&#20037;&#20037;&#20037;&#22269;&#20135;&#31934;&#21697;&#19968;&#21306;&#20108;&#21306;&#19977;&#21306;&#13;</title><link>http://www.aygfsteel.com/coldtear/category/13847.html</link><description>性格军_��命运�Q�态度军_��一�?/description><language>zh-cn</language><lastBuildDate>Wed, 28 Feb 2007 17:55:47 GMT</lastBuildDate><pubDate>Wed, 28 Feb 2007 17:55:47 GMT</pubDate><ttl>60</ttl><item><title>什么叫马太效应�Q?/title><link>http://www.aygfsteel.com/coldtear/archive/2006/09/05/67703.html</link><dc:creator>韩泪</dc:creator><author>韩泪</author><pubDate>Mon, 04 Sep 2006 16:02:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.aygfsteel.com/coldtear/archive/2006/09/05/67703.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.aygfsteel.com/coldtear/comments/67703.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.aygfsteel.com/coldtear/archive/2006/09/05/67703.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.aygfsteel.com/coldtear/comments/commentRss/67703.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.aygfsteel.com/coldtear/services/trackbacks/67703.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
		<center class="aTitle">什么叫马太效应�Q?/center>
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								<td align="right" width="100%">来源�Q�当代经理�h</td>
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		<span id="wmqeeuq"    class="content" id="ContentBody" style="PADDING-RIGHT: 10px; DISPLAY: block; PADDING-LEFT: 10px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px">“马太效应”，卛_��者恒强，��p��恒弱；基督教《圣�l�》语云：(x��)“凡是有的还要加�l�他。”由此衍生出“马太效应”的说法�?<br /><br />　　“马太效应”在�C�会(x��)中广泛存在，���其是在�l�济领域。国际上关于地区之间发展���势主要存在着二种不同的观点，一�U�是新古典增长理论的“趋同假说”，该假说认为，�׃��资本的报酬递减规律�Q�当发达地区出现资本报酬递减�Ӟ��资本��׃��(x��)���向�q�未出现报酬递减的欠发达地区�Q�其�l�果是发辑֜�区的增长速度减慢�Q�而欠发达地区的增速加快，最�l�导致两�c�d��区发辄���度的���同�Q?<br /><br />　　另一�U�观�Ҏ(gu��)���Q�当同时考虑到制度、�h力资源等因素�Ӟ��往往�?x��)出现另外一�U�结果，卛_��辑֜���Z���Ơ发辑֜���Z��间呈现“发展趋异”的“马太效应”�?<br /><br />　　又如�Q��h才危机将是一个世界现象，人才占有上的“马太效应”将更加昄����Q�占有�h才越多的地方�Q�对人才���有吸引力；反过来，被认可的人才���稀�~��?<br /><br />　　此外�Q�在�U�学研究中也存在“马太效应”，研究成果���多的�h往往���又名，���有名的人成果越多，最后就产生了学术权威�?/span>
<img src ="http://www.aygfsteel.com/coldtear/aggbug/67703.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.aygfsteel.com/coldtear/" target="_blank">韩泪</a> 2006-09-05 00:02 <a href="http://www.aygfsteel.com/coldtear/archive/2006/09/05/67703.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>【原创】《成功的��目���理》读书笔讎ͼ�一�Q?/title><link>http://www.aygfsteel.com/coldtear/archive/2006/08/07/62199.html</link><dc:creator>韩泪</dc:creator><author>韩泪</author><pubDate>Mon, 07 Aug 2006 09:05:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.aygfsteel.com/coldtear/archive/2006/08/07/62199.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.aygfsteel.com/coldtear/comments/62199.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.aygfsteel.com/coldtear/archive/2006/08/07/62199.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.aygfsteel.com/coldtear/comments/commentRss/62199.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.aygfsteel.com/coldtear/services/trackbacks/62199.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">
						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">一�?/span>
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">寚w��目成功的定义</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">寚w��目成功的理解取决于是谁徏立了衡量标准�q�进行衡量。大多数��目传统上都有相同的要素�Q?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">客户�Q�此��目的��品或�l�果的“购买者”，客户的需要可能不���相同，因而对��目提出了一�p�d��的要求�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发�v人：(x��)�l�织内部寚w��目负有责�ȝ��个�h�Q�发起�h指导��目正确的发展方向，以保证组�l�获利�?/span>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">��目�l�理�Q�日复一日负责项目工�E�的个�h。负责项目按时、按质完成，�q�不���过预算费用�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">��目���组�Q�执行项目计划中所有�Q务的人�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人力资源部经理：(x��)�Ҏ(gu��)��供完成项目的人力负有直接责�Q的部门经理�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">他们�?x��)很快地告诉你他们对��p�|的看法，�q�指��Z��(x��)��D����p�|的原因。项目管理的关键是弄清每个�h对失败或成功所起到的作用�?/span>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">当项目失败时��Z���?x��)提�����多原因，以下是一些经常提到的原因�Q�而项目失败通常是几个原因联合作用的�l�果�Q?/span>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">��目开始时对目标的定义不当</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">未能建立起一个真正的��h��交叉功能的项目小�l?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对小�l�成员的工作能力�~�Z��了解</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�E�序表制定得不充分，��D���E�序表的推�g</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">领导的力度不�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高�񔽎�理者不负责�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">���复杂性最���化�Q�导致随后发生的技术问题得不到解决</span>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">没有预测问题的能�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">计划与管理不当，认�ؓ(f��)计划是一个不自然的行�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">出现太多不受控制的变化，使可能性结果的范围蔓�g</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">拒绝作出改变</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人力资源不��</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">没有有效的信息传送过�E?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">���组成员没有真才实学和经�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">��目�q�程的阶�D�|��不明确或不受控�?/span>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">角色和责��M��明确�Q�谁该做什么？何时做？</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“我要以我自��q��方式做”，��x��效管�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">泰坦���克情结�Q�即�q�度自信�Q�认��Z���?x��)出现问�?/span>
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				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">速度只适用于酷�׃���U�方�E�式赛场的�h�Q�即速度�q�快不受控制</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天生的低��C�Q何事情的能力使我们对旉����q�于乐观</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�q�里所有的��目都是失控的火车，卌���为项目启动就不应该停下来直到�l�束</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">总认为已�l�做的够多了</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们不必和客��h��交道�Q�即认�ؓ(f��)客户不重�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">没有明确的成功的定义</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所以我们要降低��p�|的可能性就要把�?x��)导致项目失败的原因作��?f��)应避免的事，�q�列��Z��张可以化潜在��p�|为成功的行�ؓ(f��)清单�?/span>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.0pt">
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						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">二�?/span>
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				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成功的风�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一些重要的定义�Q?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">��目�Q�是一个�ؓ(f��)了在特定的期限内辑ֈ�某种�Ҏ(gu��)��的目标而进行的短暂性的�z�d���?/span>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">��目���理�Q�是一个�ؓ(f��)了达到某些明���的、被���定为战略需要的目标、而有�l�织的、有条理的正���运用组�l�资源的动态过�E�。它始终是在一�p�d��特定的限制条件下�q�行�?/span>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�E�序�Q�是一个若�q�互�怾�存的��目的集合，通过互相协调�Q�最�l�达到既定目标的方式�q�行���理。程序通常被分������q�阶�D�，最初阶�D�c(di��n)��目标截止时间应严格地界定�ƈ执行。最初阶�D�|���q�结束时�Q�制订随后的阶段�Q�以便开始实施新的相关项目�?/span>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�E�序���理�Q�是指�ؓ(f��)了达到某些被认定为战略需求的明确而特定的目标�Q�有�l�织、有条理��C��用项目管理及(qi��ng)其相关的步骤来管理一�l�互相机密依存的��目�?/span>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">资��l�合���理�Q�是��Z�����保最高效��C��用组�l�的资源以达到战略目标，���理所有现行的�E�序和项目以�?qi��ng)今后�?x��)出现的一些机�?x��)的有关事宜�?/span>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">作�ؓ(f��)一个项目经理，一个关键的��d�����是支持�q�维持一个项目得以成功的风气�?/span>
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		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在�Q何时候，�l�织中的风气都受到几个相互制�U�的因素的媄(ji��ng)响，它们包括�Q�组�l�文化、组�l�结构、经营战略、项目的基础�l�构�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�l�织文化</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一个组�l�当前的文化通常被认作是事情��Z��不按所计划的或所希望的方向发展的原因。文化的概念很难定义或做出确切的解释。文化的一个普通和���单的定义是“在�q�里�Q��h们是怎样��d��事情的”。关于传�l�、�h(hu��n)��D��、原则、信仰和态度的一个集合，而这些因素�ؓ(f��)我们在组�l�中所做的��M��事情构造了一个普遍的环境�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也就是要建立一�U�大安���认可的、�ƈ且能够遵循的一套规则，来规范大家做事的�Ҏ(gu��)���Q�从而达成一�U�和谐、统一的文化�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�l�织�l�构</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�l�织内部应该采取正式的等�U�制�Q�以促��专业技能的提高�Q�有利于实现权力的代表制�Q��ƈ有助于根据技能和职务�Q�清楚地划分职责范围�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但在��目���组中由多部门�h员组成时�Q�应在项目周期内以项目小�l��ؓ(f��)先，也就是�ؓ(f��)��目建立一个弱矩阵�l�构。因�����涉及(qi��ng)到汇报关�p�R��交���渠道、决�{�过�E�、责仅R��奖励制度、可接受的标准和常规做法�{�问题�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">�l�营战略</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">��目���理必不可少的出发点为制订经营战略，��M��新的�E�序或项目在实施前都应首先考验它是否适于现行的战略，或在一些特定的情况下，是否有理由对战略�q�行更改。如果项目的实施不按照经营战略进行，��׃��(x��)出现如下危险�Q�宝�늚�资源和基金被用于创造经营不需要的东西�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">��目的基����l�构</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">建立��目的基����l�构可确保组�l�项目风气中所有的关键人员都有明确的职责和��d��。我们必���d���l�营有一个权衡的、全面的打算�Q�以���保所有可能获得的资源得到有效的利用，使经营能够增长和发展�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US">
						<o:p> </o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">��Z��佉K��目能够成功，需要明���一些主要�h员的职责�Q�以�?qi��ng)他们如何协力工作，即项目的基础�l�构。主要有�Q?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">需要此利益的�h――公司管理�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">希望获得利益��目�l�果的�h――客��P��一个利益共享�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对获利负有责�ȝ��人――发起�h</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">寚w��目设施负有责�ȝ��人――项目经�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">具体设施��目的�h――项目小�l?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提供资源的�h――部门经�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">寚w��目的�l�果感兴���，受项目结果的影响�q�希望媄(ji��ng)响结果的人――利益共享�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US">
						<o:p> </o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">��目�l�理对发起�h负责�Q�从��目开始到�l�束都要���理日常的项目实施工作。他的职责包括：(x��)</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与发起�h一��h��选核心小�l?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">���认�q�管理项目的利益�׃�n�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">寚w��目界定�ƈ���保得到利益�׃�n者的认可</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">计划��目�q�确保得到利益共享者的认可</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">识别�q�处理风�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">���保提供资源�q�分配资�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">监控�q�跟�t�项目的�q�度</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">解决�ȝ���q�展的问�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">控制成本</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">领导��目���组</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通知利益�׃�n者进展状�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发布��目可交付��用的成果�?qi��ng)收�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">���理涉及(qi��ng)��目的所有�h的表�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US">
						<o:p> </o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">核心?y��u)��组成员的职能包括�?x��)</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">接受自己的�h物�ƈ承诺负责</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为完成工作而与其他���组成员联系�q�协同努�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为项目文���提供资�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参与计划的制定和风险的处�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">监控和管理所分配的工作的�q�展</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">解决争议或把它们递交�l�项目经�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参与问题的解�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">识别潜在的风险、争议或机遇</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在适当的时候支持和帮助其他���组成员</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US">
						<o:p> </o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">风气中对获得��目成功的能力有影响的关键因素还包括一些不大明昄���文化影响力：(x��)</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">士气</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">决策中的互相信�Q、支持和���重</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">坦率正直――避免对�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">承担风险�q�乐观向上――认识到风险�q�共享成�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">行动的自由――通过责�Q、自豪感和对决策的参�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">承担义务――归属感�Q�责��L�����以避免混�ؕ</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">协同努力――共同的信念、小�l�工作、相互的帮助以及(qi��ng)压力的最���化</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">培训――工作中和工作外都有学习(f��n)的机�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">你必���d��造适当的风气以使你和你的小�l�能够获得项目的成功。值得注意的是�Q�所有这些媄(ji��ng)响都可视为高效领导的关键因素�Q�而高效领导则表明了风气同领导兌���的紧密程度�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US">
						<o:p> </o:p>
				</span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 21.0pt">
				<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">
						<span style="mso-list: Ignore">三�?/span>
				</span>
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">��目成功的关键步�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所有项目成功的主要因素之一是让��目涉及(qi��ng)的每个�h都接受一个制度，使用一套相同的�E�序和步骤�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所有项目最基本的程序是�l�过很好的创建�ƈ证明为可行的�Q�程序可分�ؓ(f��)许多可定义的阶段�Q�项目概��c(di��n)��项目界定、项目计划、项目的发动和执行、项目的�l�束、项目后评议�?/span>
		</p>
		<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">
				<span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">��目中的每个阶段都是通向成功的关键一步，同时�Q�利益共享者管理和风险���理也对成功有重大的影响�?/span>
		</p>
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