父進程和子進程創建雙向管道的實際步驟
創建管道
1(fd1[0]
和
fd1[1])
和管道
2(fd2[0]
和
fd2[1])
Fork
父進程關閉管道
1
的讀出端（
fd1[0]）
父進程關閉管道
2
的寫入端（
fd2[1]
）
子進程關閉管道
1
的寫入端（
fd1[1]
）
子進程關閉管道
2
的讀出端（
fd2[0]
）
下面是示例程序：
#include “unpipe.h”
void client(int, int) ,server(int, int);
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
?????? int pipe1[2],pipe[2];
pid_t childpid;
Pipe(pipe1);
Pipe(pipe2);
?
if((childpid=fork())==0)
{
?????? Close(pipe1[1])?;
?????? Close(pipe2[0])?;
?
?????? server(pipe1[0],pipe2[1])?;
?????? exit(0)?;
}
close(pipe1[0])?;
close(pipe2[1])?;
client(pipe2[0],pipe1[1])?;
?
waitpid(childpid,NULL,0)?;
exit(0)?;
}
//////////////////client
void client(int readfd, int writefd)
{
?????? size_t len;
ssize_t n;
char? buff[MAXLINE];
?
fgets(buff,MAXLINET,stdin);
len = strlen(buff);
if(buff[len-1]==’\n’)
?????? len--;
write(writefd,buff,len);
while((n=read(readfd,buff,MAXLINE))>0)
??????? write(STDOUT_FILENO,buff,n);
}
///////////////////server
void server(int readfd, int writefd)
{
?????? int fd;
?????? ssize_t n;
?????? char buff[MAXLINE+1];
?
?????? if((n=read(readfd,buff,MAXLINE))==0)
????????? err_quit(“end-of –file while reading pathname”);
?????? if((fd =open(buff,O_RDONLY)<0)){
sprintf(buff+n,sizeof(buff)-n,”can’t open, %s\n”,strerror(errno));
n = strlen(buff);
write(writefd,buff,n);
}else{
?While((n=read(fd,buff,MAXLINE))>0)
??????? Write(writefd,buff,n);
Close(fd);
}
}
Properties of Pipe:
1) Pipes do not have a name. For this reason, the processes must share a parent process. This is the main drawback to pipes. However, pipes are treated as file descriptors, so the pipes remain open even after fork and exec.
2) Pipes do not distinguish between messages; they just read a fixed number of bytes. New line (\n) can be used to separate messages. A structure with a length field can be used for message containing binary data.
3) Pipes can also be used to get the output of a command or to provide input to a command