最近的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目在Hibernate使用C3P0的連接池,數(shù)據(jù)庫為Mysql。開發(fā)測(cè)試沒有問題,在運(yùn)行中每個(gè)一段長(zhǎng)的空閑時(shí)間就出現(xiàn)異常:
java 代碼
- org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: could not execute query
- at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.convert(SQLStateConverter.java:74)
- at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:43)
- .......
- Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.MySQLNonTransientConnectionException: No operations allowed after connection closed.Connection was implicitly closed due to underlying exception/error:
- ** BEGIN NESTED EXCEPTION **
- com.mysql.jdbc.CommunicationsException
- MESSAGE: Communications link failure due to underlying exception:
- ** BEGIN NESTED EXCEPTION **
- java.net.SocketException
- MESSAGE: Broken pipe
- STACKTRACE:
- java.net.SocketException: Broken pipe
- at java.net.SocketOutputStream.socketWrite0(Native Method)
- ......
- ** END NESTED EXCEPTION **
查看了Mysql的文檔,以及Connector/J的文檔以及在線說明發(fā)現(xiàn),出現(xiàn)這種異常的原因是:
Mysql服務(wù)器默認(rèn)的“wait_timeout”是8小時(shí),也就是說一個(gè)connection空閑超過8個(gè)小時(shí),Mysql將自動(dòng)斷開該connection。這就是問題的所在,在C3P0 pools中的connections如果空閑超過8小時(shí),Mysql將其斷開,而C3P0并不知道該connection已經(jīng)失效,如果這時(shí)有Client請(qǐng)求connection,C3P0將該失效的Connection提供給Client,將會(huì)造成上面的異常。
解決的方法有3種:
- 增加wait_timeout的時(shí)間。
- 減少Connection pools中connection的lifetime。
- 測(cè)試Connection pools中connection的有效性。
當(dāng)然最好的辦法是同時(shí)綜合使用上述3種方法,下面就DBCP和C3P0分別做一說明,假設(shè)wait_timeout為默認(rèn)的8小時(shí)
DBCP增加以下配置信息:
- //set to 'SELECT 1'
- validationQuery = "SELECT 1"
- //set to 'true'
- testWhileIdle = "true"
- //some positive integer
- timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = 3600000
- //set to something smaller than 'wait_timeout'
- minEvictableIdleTimeMillis = 18000000
- //if you don't mind a hit for every getConnection(), set to "true"
- testOnBorrow = "true"
C3P0增加以下配置信息:
- //set to 'SELECT 1'
- preferredTestQuery = 'SELECT 1'
- //set to something much less than wait_timeout, prevents connections from going stale
- idleConnectionTestPeriod = 18000
- //set to something slightly less than wait_timeout, preventing 'stale' connections from being handed out
- maxIdleTime = 25000
- //if you can take the performance 'hit', set to "true"
- testConnectionOnCheckout = true
更多的配置信息大家可以查看C3P0文檔,Connector/J文檔,以及DBCP的文檔。