瀛︿範(fàn)鍦ㄤ紶緇熶笂琚涓烘槸浜虹被鐗規(guī)湁鐨勬椿鍔? 鎬庢牱闄嶄綆瀛︿範(fàn)鐨勯毦搴︿竴鐩存槸鐞嗚涓婇潪甯鎬護(hù)浜鴻糠鎯戠殑闂, 鍚屾椂瀹冧篃鏄漢綾繪墍闈復(fù)鐨勬渶澶х殑瀹為檯鍥伴毦涔嬩竴. 鍦ㄨ蔣浠剁殑涓栫晫涓? 鍏充簬瀛︿範(fàn)鐨勭爺絀朵篃鏄竴涓潪甯擱噸瑕佺殑棰嗗煙, 渚嬪鎵璋撶殑鍙敤鎬?usability)鍜岀敤鎴峰弸濂借璁?鍏舵牳蹇?jī)闂灏辨槸濡備綍闄嶄綆鐢ㄦ埛瀛︿範(fàn)鐨勯殤趾? 鎴戜滑鐩墠鐨勪簡(jiǎn)瑙ｅ鍗婃槸涓浜涚粡楠岀殑鎬葷粨,渚嬪Pane鎵鎬葷粨鐨?
. Use signaling to highlight important information.
. Support incremental testing and feedback.
. Choose an appropriate computational metaphor.
. Help detect, diagnose, and recover from errors.
. Provide guiding knowledge through online help.
. Support recognition rather than recall.
Andrew J. Ko絳変漢浣滀簡(jiǎn)鏇村姞涓ヨ皚涓浜涚殑鐮旂┒, 璇曞浘瀵筁earning Barriers浣滃嚭涓涓熀鏈殑鍒嗙被(classification),
1. Design barriers: I don't know what I want the computer to do, 闇瑕乵apping a desired program behavior to an
abstract description of a solution.
2. Selection barriers: I銆think I know what I want the computer to do, but I don't know what to use, 闇瑕乵apping a behavior to appropriate search terms for use in help or web search engines, and interpreting the relevance of the results.
3. Coordination barriers : I think I know what things to use, but I don't know how to make them work together, 闇瑕乵apping a desired behavior to a computational pattern that obeys 鈥渋nvisible rules."
4. Use barriers: I think I know what to use, but I don't know how to use it, 闇瑕乵apping a desired behavior to a
programming interface鈥檚 available parameters.
5. Understatnding barriers: I thougtht I knew how to use this, but it didn't do what I expected, 闇瑕乮nterpreting the external behavior of a program to determine what it accomplished at runtime
6. Information barriers: I think I know why it didn't do what I expected, but I don't know how to check,闇瑕乵apping a hypothesis about a
program to the environment鈥檚 available tools, and interpreting the tool鈥檚 feedback.
鍏朵腑design, coordination鍜寀se鐨勯殰紕嶄綋鐜頒簡(jiǎn)鎵璋撶殑gulf of execution(the difference between users' intensions and the available actions), understanding鐨勯殰紕嶅垯浣撶幇浜?jiǎn)鎵璋撶殑gulf of evaluation(the effort of deciding if expectation have been met), 鑰宻election鍜宨nformation鐨勯殰紕嶅垯鍚屾椂浣撶幇浜?jiǎn)gulf of execution鍜実ulf of evaluation.
鍏充簬浠ヤ笂鍒嗙被鐨勪竴浠舵湁瓚ｇ殑浜嬫儏鏄畠浠箣闂寸殑鐩鎬簰鍏崇郴, 緇忓父鍑虹幇鐨勬儏鍐墊槸鎴戜滑閫氳繃涓浜涗笉姝ｇ‘鐨勫亣瀹?invalid assumption)鏆傛椂鍏嬫湇浜?jiǎn)褰撳墠鐨勫洶闅?浣嗘槸寰堝揩鍙堥亣涓婁簡(jiǎn)鍏朵粬涓嶅彲鍏嬫湇鐨勫洶闅? 渚嬪design barrier緇忓父瀵煎悜seletion barrier, 鑰宑oordination barrier鍜寀se barrier緇忓父瀵煎悜understanding barrier.
瀵逛簬濡備綍鍏嬫湇榪欎簺瀛︿範(fàn)涓婄殑闅滅, Andrew J.Ko絳変漢閫氳繃Factory鐨勯殣鍠?鎻愬嚭浜?jiǎn)涓浜涘叿浣撶殑寤鴻, 浣嗘槸瀹炵敤鎰忎箟涓嶆槸寰堝ぇ.
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