LPAD(RPAD('GAO',1
-----------------
*******gao*******
不够字符则用*来填?/div>
10.LTRIM和RTRIM LTRIM 删除左边出现的字W串 RTRIM 删除双出现的字W串 SQL> select ltrim(rtrim(' gao qian jing ',' '),' ') from dual;
LTRIM(RTRIM(' ------------- gao qian jing
11.SUBSTR(string,start,count) 取子字符?从start开?取count?br />SQL> select substr('13088888888',3,8) from dual;
SUBSTR(' -------- 08888888
12.REPLACE('string','s1','s2') string 希望被替换的字符或变? s1 被替换的字符?br />s2 要替换的字符?br />SQL> select replace('he love you','he','i') from dual;
REPLACE('H ---------- i love you
13.SOUNDEX q回一个与l定的字W串读音相同的字W串 SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8)); SQL> insert into table1 values('weather'); SQL> insert into table1 values('wether'); SQL> insert into table1 values('gao');
SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex('weather');
XM -------- weather wether
14.TRIM('s' from 'string') LEADING 剪掉前面的字W?br />TRAILING 剪掉后面的字W?br />如果不指?默认为空格符
------------------------>数字操作 15.ABS q回指定值的l对?br />SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual;
ABS(100) ABS(-100) --------- --------- 100 100
16.ACOS l出反余弦的?br />SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;
ACOS(-1) --------- 3.1415927
17.ASIN l出反正弦的?br />SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;
ASIN(0.5) --------- .52359878
18.ATAN q回一个数字的反正切?br />SQL> select atan(1) from dual;
ATAN(1) --------- .78539816
19.CEIL q回大于或等于给出数字的最整?br />SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;
CEIL(3.1415927) --------------- 4
20.COS q回一个给定数字的余u SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;
COS(-3.1415927) --------------- -1
21.COSH q回一个数字反余u?br />SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;
COSH(20) --------- 242582598
22.EXP q回一个数字e的nơ方?br />SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;
EXP(2) EXP(1) --------- --------- 7.3890561 2.7182818
23.FLOOR 对给定的数字取整?br />SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;
FLOOR(2345.67) -------------- 2345
24.LN
q回一个数字的Ҏ?br />SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;
LN(1) LN(2) LN(2.7182818) --------- --------- ------------- 0 .69314718 .99999999
25.LOG(n1,n2) q回一个以n1为底n2的对? SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;
LOG(2,1) LOG(2,4) --------- --------- 0 2
26.MOD(n1,n2) q回一个n1除以n2的余?br />SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;
MOD(10,3) MOD(3,3) MOD(2,3) --------- --------- --------- 1 0 2
27.POWER q回n1的n2ơ方?br />SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;
POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3) ----------- ---------- 1024 27
28.ROUND和TRUNC 按照指定的精度进行舍?br />SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;
ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5) ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------ 56 -55 55 -55
29.SIGN 取数字n的符?大于0q回1,于0q回-1,{于0q回0 SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;
SIGN(123) SIGN(-100) SIGN(0) --------- ---------- --------- 1 -1 0
30.SIN q回一个数字的正u?br />SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;
SIN(1.57079) ------------ 1
31.SIGH q回双曲正u的?br />SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;
SIN(20) SINH(20) --------- --------- .91294525 242582598
32.SQRT q回数字n的根 SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;
SQRT(64) SQRT(10) --------- --------- 8 3.1622777
33.TAN q回数字的正切?br />SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;
TAN(20) TAN(10) --------- --------- 2.2371609 .64836083
34.TANH q回数字n的双曲正切?br />SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;
TANH(20) TAN(20) --------- --------- 1 2.2371609
35.TRUNC 按照指定的精度截取一个数 SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual;
TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2) --------- ------------------ 100 124.16
--------------------->日期操作 36.ADD_MONTHS 增加或减L?br />SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),2),'yyyymm') from dual;
TO_CHA ------ 200002 SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),-2),'yyyymm') from dual;
TO_CHA ------ 199910
37.LAST_DAY q回日期的最后一?br />SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd'),to_char((sysdate)+1,'yyyy.mm.dd') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S ---------- ---------- 2004.05.09 2004.05.10 SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;
LAST_DAY(S ---------- 31-5?-04
38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1) l出date2-date1的月?br />SQL> select months_between('19-12?1999','19-3?1999') mon_between from dual;
MON_BETWEEN ----------- 9 SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date('2000.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'),to_date('2005.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd')) mon_betw from dual;
MON_BETW --------- -60
39.NEW_TIME(date,'this','that') l出在this时区=other时区的日期和旉 SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') bj_time,to_char(new_time 2 (sysdate,'PDT','GMT'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') los_angles from dual;
BJ_TIME LOS_ANGLES ------------------- ------------------- 2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:32
40.NEXT_DAY(date,'day') l出日期date和星期x之后计算下一个星期的日期 SQL> select next_day('18-5?2001','星期?) next_day from dual;
NEXT_DAY ---------- 25-5?-01
41.SYSDATE 用来得到pȝ的当前日?br />SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy day') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,' ----------------- 09-05-2004 星期?br />trunc(date,fmt)按照l出的要求将日期截断,如果fmt='mi'表示保留?截断U?br />SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'hh'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hh, 2 to_char(trunc(sysdate,'mi'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hhmm from dual;
HH HHMM ------------------- ------------------- 2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00
-------------------->基本操作
42.CHARTOROWID 字W数据类型{换ؓROWIDcd SQL> select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp;
ROWID ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME ------------------ ------------------ ---------- AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITH AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLEN AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES
43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset) 源字符?sset从一个语a字符集{换到另一个目的dset字符?br />SQL> select convert('strutz','we8hp','f7dec') "conversion" from dual;
conver ------ strutz
44.HEXTORAW
一个十六进制构成的字符串{换ؓ二进?/div>
45.RAWTOHEXT
一个二q制构成的字W串转换为十六进?/div>
46.ROWIDTOCHAR
ROWID数据cd转换为字W类?/div>
47.TO_CHAR(date,'format') SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY ------------------- 2004/05/09 21:14:41
48.TO_DATE(string,'format')
字W串转化为ORACLE中的一个日?/div>
49.TO_MULTI_BYTE 字W串中的单字节字W{化ؓ多字节字W?br />SQL> select to_multi_byte('?) from dual;
TO
--
?/div>
50.TO_NUMBER 给出的字符转换为数?br />SQL> select to_number('1999') year from dual;
YEAR --------- 1999
51.BFILENAME(dir,file) 指定一个外部二q制文g SQL>insert into file_tb1 values(bfilename('lob_dir1','image1.gif'));
52.CONVERT('x','desc','source') x字段或变量的源source转换为desc SQL> select sid,serial#,username,decode(command, 2 0,'none', 3 2,'insert', 4 3, 5 'select', 6 6,'update', 7 7,'delete', 8 8,'drop', 9 'other') cmd from v$session where type!='background';
SID SERIAL# USERNAME CMD --------- --------- ------------------------------ ------ 1 1 none 2 1 none 3 1 none 4 1 none 5 1 none 6 1 none 7 1275 none 8 1275 none 9 20 GAO select 10 40 GAO none
53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length) DUMP函数以fmt指定的内部数字格式返回一个VARCHAR2cd的?br />SQL> col global_name for a30 SQL> col dump_string for a50 SQL> set lin 200 SQL> select global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5) dump_string from global_name;
GLOBAL_NAME DUMP_STRING ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ORACLE.WORLD Typ=1 Len=12 CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK: W,O,R,L,D
54.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB()
q两个函数都是用来对大数据类型字D进行初始化操作的函?/div>
55.GREATEST q回一l表辑ּ中的最大?x较字W的~码大小. SQL> select greatest('AA','AB','AC') from dual;
GR -- AC SQL> select greatest('?,'?,'?) from dual;
GR
--
?/div>
56.LEAST q回一l表辑ּ中的最? SQL> select least('?,'?,'?) from dual;
LE
--
?/div>
57.UID q回标识当前用户的唯一整数 SQL> show user USER ?GAO" SQL> select username,user_id from dba_users where user_id=uid;
USERNAME USER_ID ------------------------------ --------- GAO 25
58.USER q回当前用户的名?br />SQL> select user from dual;
USER ------------------------------ GAO
59.USEREVN q回当前用户环境的信?opt可以? ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZE ISDBA 查看当前用户是否是DBA如果是则q回true SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;
USEREN ------ FALSE SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;
USEREN ------ TRUE SESSION q回会话标志 SQL> select userenv('sessionid') from dual;
USERENV('SESSIONID') -------------------- 152 ENTRYID q回会话人口标志 SQL> select userenv('entryid') from dual;
USERENV('ENTRYID') ------------------ 0 INSTANCE q回当前INSTANCE的标?br />SQL> select userenv('instance') from dual;
USERENV('INSTANCE') ------------------- 1 LANGUAGE q回当前环境变量 SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;
USERENV('LANGUAGE') ---------------------------------------------------- SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK LANG q回当前环境的语a的羃?br />SQL> select userenv('lang') from dual;
USERENV('LANG') ---------------------------------------------------- ZHS TERMINAL q回用户的终端或机器的标?br />SQL> select userenv('terminal') from dual;
USERENV('TERMINA ---------------- GAO VSIZE(X) q回X的大?字节)?br />SQL> select vsize(user),user from dual;
VSIZE(USER) USER ----------- ------------------------------ 6 SYSTEM
60.AVG(DISTINCT|ALL) all表示Ҏ有的值求q_?distinct只对不同的值求q_?br />SQLWKS> create table table3(xm varchar(8),sal number(7,2)); 语句已处理?br />SQLWKS> insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11); SQLWKS> insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11); SQLWKS> insert into table3 values('zhu',5555.55); SQLWKS> commit;
SQL> select avg(distinct sal) from gao.table3;
AVG(DISTINCTSAL) ---------------- 3333.33
SQL> select avg(all sal) from gao.table3;
AVG(ALLSAL) ----------- 2592.59
61.MAX(DISTINCT|ALL) 求最大?ALL表示Ҏ有的值求最大?DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最大?相同的只取一?br />SQL> select max(distinct sal) from scott.emp;
MAX(DISTINCTSAL) ---------------- 5000
62.MIN(DISTINCT|ALL) 求最?ALL表示Ҏ有的值求最?DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最?相同的只取一?br />SQL> select min(all sal) from gao.table3;
MIN(ALLSAL) ----------- 1111.11
63.STDDEV(distinct|all) 求标准差,ALL表示Ҏ有的值求标准?DISTINCT表示只对不同的值求标准?br />SQL> select stddev(sal) from scott.emp;
STDDEV(SAL) ----------- 1182.5032
SQL> select stddev(distinct sal) from scott.emp;
STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL) ------------------- 1229.951
64.VARIANCE(DISTINCT|ALL) 求协方差
SQL> select variance(sal) from scott.emp;
VARIANCE(SAL) ------------- 1398313.9
65.GROUP BY 主要用来对一l数q行l计 SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno;
DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL) --------- --------- --------- 10 3 8750 20 5 10875 30 6 9400
66.HAVING 对分l统计再加限制条?br />SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno having count(*)>=5;
DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL) --------- --------- --------- 20 5 10875 30 6 9400 SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp having count(*)>=5 group by deptno ;
DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL) --------- --------- --------- 20 5 10875 30 6 9400
67.ORDER BY 用于Ҏ询到的结果进行排序输?br />SQL> select deptno,ename,sal from scott.emp order by deptno,sal desc;
DEPTNO ENAME SAL --------- ---------- --------- 10 KING 5000 10 CLARK 2450 10 MILLER 1300 20 SCOTT 3000 20 FORD 3000 20 JONES 2975 20 ADAMS 1100 20 SMITH 800 30 BLAKE 2850 30 ALLEN 1600 30 TURNER 1500 30 WARD 1250 30 MARTIN 1250 30 JAMES 950
68.NVL
通过查询获得某个字段的合计|如果q个gnull给Z个预讄默认?br />SQL> select nvl(sum(t.dwxhl),1) from tb_jhde t where zydm=-1
q里兛_的nvl的用法,nvlQarg,valueQ代表如果前面的arg的gؓnull那么q回的gؓ后面的value
]]>
JUnit学习W记 http://www.aygfsteel.com/adventurer2008/archive/2007/03/07/102390.html冒险?/dc:creator>冒险?/author>Wed, 07 Mar 2007 05:57:00 GMT http://www.aygfsteel.com/adventurer2008/archive/2007/03/07/102390.html http://www.aygfsteel.com/adventurer2008/comments/102390.html http://www.aygfsteel.com/adventurer2008/archive/2007/03/07/102390.html#Feedback 0 http://www.aygfsteel.com/adventurer2008/comments/commentRss/102390.html http://www.aygfsteel.com/adventurer2008/services/trackbacks/102390.html 开始学习JUnit In Action
所有单元测试框枉应该遵守?条规?
1.每个单元试都必ȝ立于其它单元试而运?
2.必须以单Ҏ试ؓ单位来检和报告错误
3.必须易于定义要运行哪些单元测?
JUnit提供Swing囑Ş界面
windows: java -cp junit.jar;. junit.swingui.TestRunner junit.samples.AllTests
Unix: java -cp junit.jar:. junit.swingui.TestRunner junit.samples.AllTests
TestCase Q测试用例)——扩展了JUnit?/font>TestCasecȝcR它?/font>testXXX Ҏ的Ş式包含一个或多个试。一?/font>test case把具有公p为的试归入一l。在本书的后l部分,当我们提?/font>试的时候,我们指的是一?/font>testXXX ҎQ当我们提及 test case的时候,我们指的是一个承自 TestCase的类Q也是一l测?
TestSuite Q测试集合)——一l测试。一?/font>test suite是把多个相关试归入一l的便捷方式。例如,如果你没有ؓ TestCase定义一?/font>test suiteQ那?/font>JUnit׃自动提供一?/font>test suiteQ包?/font>TestCase中所有的试
TestRunner Q测试运行器Q?font face="宋体">——执?/font>test suite的程序?/font>JUnit提供了几?/font>test runnerQ你可以用它们来执行你的试。没?/font>TestRunner接口Q只有一个所?/font>test runner都承的 BaseTestRunner。因此,当我们编?/font>TestRunner的时候,我们实际上指的是Ml承 BaseTestRunner?/font>test runnerc?/font>
TestListener(试侦听? --- 多个对象同时报告一个测试的信息.
TestCase通过setUp和tearDownҎ来自动创建和销毁fixture。TestCase会在q行每个试之前调用setUpQƈ且在每个试完成之后调用tearDown?
概括地说Qcontroller做这些事情:
· 接受h?
· 对请求执行常用计?
· 选择合适的h处理器?
· 路由hQ以使处理器可以执行相关的业务逻辑?
· 可能会提供一个顶层的处理器用于处理错误和异常?
Controller是一个很好用的类Q在很多应用中都可以看到它的w媄。例如,在一个表现层模式中,一个web controller接受HTTPhQƈ把HTTP参数、cookie、HTTP头取出,可能使得HTTP元素易于被应用的其他部分讉K。Web controller会基于请求中的元素判断出需调用的合适的业务逻辑lgQ可能是在HTTP session、数据库或者其他资源中的持久数据的帮助下做到这点)。Apache Struts框架是web controller的一个例子?/p>
]]>
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