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          XML現在已經成為一種通用的數據交換格式,平臺的無關性使得很多場合都需要用到XML。本文將詳細介紹用Java解析XML的四種方法。

          XML現在已經成為一種通用的數據交換格式,它的平臺無關性,語言無關 性,系統無關性,給數據集成與交互帶來了極大的方便。對于XML本身的語法知識與技術細節,需要閱讀相關的技術文獻,這里面包括的內容有 DOM(Document Object Model),DTD(Document Type Definition),SAX(Simple API for XML),XSD(Xml Schema Definition),XSLT(Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations),具體可參閱w3c官方網站文檔http://www.w3.org獲取更多信息。

          XML在不同的語言里解析方式都是一樣的,只不過實現的語法不同而已。基本的解析方式有兩種,一種叫SAX,另一種叫DOM。SAX是基于事件流的解析,DOM是基于XML文檔樹結構的解析。假設我們XML的內容和結構如下:

          <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
          <employees>
          <employee>
          <name>ddviplinux</name>
          <sex>m</sex>
          <age>30</age>
          </employee>
          </employees>

          本文使用JAVA語言來實現DOM與SAX的XML文檔生成與解析。
          首先定義一個操作XML文檔的接口XmlDocument 它定義了XML文檔的建立與解析的接口。

          package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean; 
          /**
          *
          * @author hongliang.dinghl
          * 定義XML文檔建立與解析的接口
          */
          public interface XmlDocument {
          /**
          * 建立XML文檔
          * @param fileName 文件全路徑名稱
          */
          public void createXml(String fileName);
          /**
          * 解析XML文檔
          * @param fileName 文件全路徑名稱
          */
          public void parserXml(String fileName);
          }

          1.DOM生成和解析XML文檔

          為 XML 文檔的已解析版本定義了一組接口。解析器讀入整個文檔,然后構建一個駐留內存的樹結構,然后代碼就可以使用 DOM 接口來操作這個樹結構。優點:整個文檔樹在內存中,便于操作;支持刪除、修改、重新排列等多種功能;缺點:將整個文檔調入內存(包括無用的節點),浪費時 間和空間;使用場合:一旦解析了文檔還需多次訪問這些數據;硬件資源充足(內存、CPU)。

          package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean; 
          import java.io.FileInputStream;
          import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
          import java.io.FileOutputStream;
          import java.io.IOException;
          import java.io.InputStream;
          import java.io.PrintWriter;
          import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
          import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
          import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
          import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
          import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
          import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
          import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
          import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
          import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
          import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
          import org.w3c.dom.Document;
          import org.w3c.dom.Element;
          import org.w3c.dom.Node;
          import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
          import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
          /**
          *
          * @author hongliang.dinghl
          * DOM生成與解析XML文檔
          */
          public class DomDemo implements XmlDocument {
          private Document document;
          private String fileName;
          public void init() {
          try {
          DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory
          .newInstance();
          DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
          this.document = builder.newDocument();
          } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
          System.out.println(e.getMessage());
          }
          }
          public void createXml(String fileName) {
          Element root = this.document.createElement("employees");
          this.document.appendChild(root);
          Element employee = this.document.createElement("employee");
          Element name = this.document.createElement("name");
          name.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("丁宏亮"));
          employee.appendChild(name);
          Element sex = this.document.createElement("sex");
          sex.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("m"));
          employee.appendChild(sex);
          Element age = this.document.createElement("age");
          age.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("30"));
          employee.appendChild(age);
          root.appendChild(employee);
          TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
          try {
          Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();
          DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document);
          transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "gb2312");
          transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
          PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName));
          StreamResult result = new StreamResult(pw);
          transformer.transform(source, result);
          System.out.println("生成XML文件成功!");
          } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
          System.out.println(e.getMessage());
          } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
          System.out.println(e.getMessage());
          } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
          System.out.println(e.getMessage());
          } catch (TransformerException e) {
          System.out.println(e.getMessage());
          }
          }
          public void parserXml(String fileName) {
          try {
          DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
          DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
          Document document = db.parse(fileName);
          NodeList employees = document.getChildNodes();
          for (int i = 0; i < employees.getLength(); i++) {
          Node employee = employees.item(i);
          NodeList employeeInfo = employee.getChildNodes();
          for (int j = 0; j < employeeInfo.getLength(); j++) {
          Node node = employeeInfo.item(j);
          NodeList employeeMeta = node.getChildNodes();
          for (int k = 0; k < employeeMeta.getLength(); k++) {
          System.out.println(employeeMeta.item(k).getNodeName()
          + ":" + employeeMeta.item(k).getTextContent());
          }
          }
          }
          System.out.println("解析完畢");
          } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
          System.out.println(e.getMessage());
          } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
          System.out.println(e.getMessage());
          } catch (SAXException e) {
          System.out.println(e.getMessage());
          } catch (IOException e) {
          System.out.println(e.getMessage());
          }
          }
          }

          2.SAX生成和解析XML文檔

          為 解決DOM的問題,出現了SAX。SAX ,事件驅動。當解析器發現元素開始、元素結束、文本、文檔的開始或結束等時,發送事件,程序員編寫響應這些事件的代碼,保存數據。優點:不用事先調入整個 文檔,占用資源少;SAX解析器代碼比DOM解析器代碼小,適于Applet,下載。缺點:不是持久的;事件過后,若沒保存數據,那么數據就丟了;無狀態 性;從事件中只能得到文本,但不知該文本屬于哪個元素;使用場合:Applet;只需XML文檔的少量內容,很少回頭訪問;機器內存少;

          Java代碼

          package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;   
          import java.io.FileInputStream;  
          import java.io.FileNotFoundException;  
          import java.io.IOException;  
          import java.io.InputStream;  

          import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;  
          import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;  
          import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;  

          import org.xml.sax.Attributes;  
          import org.xml.sax.SAXException;  
          import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;  
          /**
          *  
          * @author hongliang.dinghl
          * SAX文檔解析
          */
          public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument {  

          public void createXml(String fileName) {  
          System.out.println("<<"+filename+">>");  
          }  

          public void parserXml(String fileName) {  
          SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();  

          try {  

          SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser();  

          InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName);  

          saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler());  

          } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {  

          e.printStackTrace();  

          } catch (SAXException e) {  

          e.printStackTrace();  

          } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {  

          e.printStackTrace();  

          } catch (IOException e) {  

          e.printStackTrace();  

          }  

          }  

          }  

          class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler {  

          boolean hasAttribute = false;  

          Attributes attributes = null;  

          public void startDocument() throws SAXException {  

          System.out.println("文檔開始打印了");  

          }  

          public void endDocument() throws SAXException {  

          System.out.println("文檔打印結束了");  

          }  

          public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,  

          Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {  

          if (qName.equals("employees")) {  

          return;  

          }  

          if (qName.equals("employee")) {  

          System.out.println(qName);  

          }  

          if (attributes.getLength() > 0) {  

          this.attributes = attributes;  

          this.hasAttribute = true;  

          }  

          }  

          public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)  

          throws SAXException {  

          if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) {  

          for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {  

          System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0)  
          + attributes.getValue(0));  

          }  

          }  

          }  

          public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)  

          throws SAXException {  

          System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length));  

          }  

          }
          package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
          import java.io.FileInputStream;
          import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
          import java.io.IOException;
          import java.io.InputStream;
          import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
          import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
          import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
          import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
          import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
          import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
          /**
          *
          * @author hongliang.dinghl
          * SAX文檔解析
          */
          public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument {
          public void createXml(String fileName) {
          System.out.println("<<"+filename+">>");
          }
          public void parserXml(String fileName) {
          SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
          try {
          SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser();
          InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName);
          saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler());
          } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
          } catch (SAXException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
          } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
          } catch (IOException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
          }
          }
          }
          class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler {
          boolean hasAttribute = false;
          Attributes attributes = null;
          public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
          System.out.println("文檔開始打印了");
          }
          public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
          System.out.println("文檔打印結束了");
          }
          public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
          Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
          if (qName.equals("employees")) {
          return;
          }
          if (qName.equals("employee")) {
          System.out.println(qName);
          }
          if (attributes.getLength() > 0) {
          this.attributes = attributes;
          this.hasAttribute = true;
          }
          }
          public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
          throws SAXException {
          if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) {
          for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {
          System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0)
          + attributes.getValue(0));
          }
          }
          }
          public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
          throws SAXException {
          System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length));
          }
          }

          3.DOM4J生成和解析XML文檔

          DOM4J 是一個非常非常優秀的Java XML API,具有性能優異、功能強大和極端易用使用的特點,同時它也是一個開放源代碼的軟件。如今你可以看到越來越多的 Java 軟件都在使用 DOM4J 來讀寫 XML,特別值得一提的是連 Sun 的 JAXM 也在用 DOM4J。

          Java代碼

          package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;   
          import java.io.File;  
          import java.io.FileWriter;  
          import java.io.IOException;  
          import java.io.Writer;  
          import java.util.Iterator;  

          import org.dom4j.Document;  
          import org.dom4j.DocumentException;  
          import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;  
          import org.dom4j.Element;  
          import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;  
          import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;  
          /**
          *  
          * @author hongliang.dinghl
          * Dom4j 生成XML文檔與解析XML文檔
          */
          public class Dom4jDemo implements XmlDocument {  

          public void createXml(String fileName) {  
          Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();  
          Element employees=document.addElement("employees");  
          Element employee=employees.addElement("employee");  
          Element name= employee.addElement("name");  
          name.setText("ddvip");  
          Element sex=employee.addElement("sex");  
          sex.setText("m");  
          Element age=employee.addElement("age");  
          age.setText("29");  
          try {  
          Writer fileWriter=new FileWriter(fileName);  
          XMLWriter xmlWriter=new XMLWriter(fileWriter);  
          xmlWriter.write(document);  
          xmlWriter.close();  
          } catch (IOException e) {  

          System.out.println(e.getMessage());  
          }  


          }  


          public void parserXml(String fileName) {  
          File inputXml=new File(fileName);  
          SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();  
          try {  
          Document document = saxReader.read(inputXml);  
          Element employees=document.getRootElement();  
          for(Iterator i = employees.elementIterator(); i.hasNext();){  
          Element employee = (Element) i.next();  
          for(Iterator j = employee.elementIterator(); j.hasNext();){  
          Element node=(Element) j.next();  
          System.out.println(node.getName()+":"+node.getText());  
          }  

          }  
          } catch (DocumentException e) {  
          System.out.println(e.getMessage());  
          }  
          System.out.println("dom4j parserXml");  
          }   
          }  

          4.JDOM生成和解析XML  

          為減少DOM、SAX的編碼量,出現了JDOM;優點:20-80原則,極大減少了代碼量。使用場合:要實現的功能簡單,如解析、創建等,但在底層,JDOM還是使用SAX(最常用)、DOM、Xanan文檔。

              
          package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;    

          import java.io.FileNotFoundException;  
          import java.io.FileOutputStream;  
          import java.io.IOException;  
          import java.util.List;  

          import org.jdom.Document;  
          import org.jdom.Element;  

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