@a = ();

            

            @a = ( 'xx', 11, 33.5, );

            

            @a = 12..33;

            

            $a[2] = 'something';

            

            $len = scalar(@a);

            # or

            $len = @a;

            

            @a3 = ('xx', @a1, @a2);

            

            ($x, $y) = @a;

            

            $a[@a] = 'new'; # push

            

            push

            pop

            shift

            unshift

            splice

            

            foreach $i (@a) { .. }

            

$a = array();

            

            $a = array( 'xx', 11, 33.5, );

            

            $a = range(12,33);

            

            $a[2] = 'something';

            

            $len = count($a);

            

            

            

            $a3 = array_merge('xx', $a1, $a2);

            

            list($x, $y) = $a;

            

            $a[] = 'new'; # push

            

            array_push

            array_pop

            array_shift

            array_unshift

            array_splice

            

            foreach ($a as $i) { .. }

            

%h = ();

            

            %h = ( 'x' => 'y',

            'z' => 'w',

            );

            

            $h{'x'} = 7;

            

            while (($key,$value) = each(%h))

            { .. }

            

            $a = keys(%h);

            $b = values(%h);

            

            delete $h{'x'};

            

$h = array();

            

            $h = array( 'x' => 'y',

            'z' => 'w',

            );

            

            $h['x'] = 7;

            

            foreach ($h as $key => $value)

            { .. }

            

            $a = array_keys($h);

            $b = array_values($h);

            

            unset( $h['x'] );

            

            

%h = ('a'=>13, 'b'=>25);

            @x = ('hi', 'there', 'all',);

            

            @mix = ( %h, @x,

            [33..39],

            { x=>15, yy=>23, },

            );

            

            $mix[0]->{'b'}  # == 25

            $mix[0]{'b'}    # == 25

            $mix[2]->[2]    # == 35

            $mix[2][2]      # == 35

            

            

$h = array('a'=>13, 'b'=>25);

            $x = array('hi', 'there', 'all',);

            

            $mix = array($h, $x,

            range(33,39),

            array('x'=>15, 'yy'=>23),

            );

            

            $mix[0]['b']  # == 25

            

            $mix[2][2]    # == 35

            

            

@a = split( '|', $s );

            

            @a = split( 's+', $s );

            

            

            $s = join( '|', @a );

            

$a = preg_split( '/|/', $s,

            -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY );

            $a = preg_split( '/s+/', $s,

            -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY );

            

            $s = join( '|', $a );

            

$s = lc($s);

            $s = uc($s);

            

            $s =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/;

            

$s = strtolower($s);

            $s = strtoupper($s);

            

            

            

$s1 eq $s2

            

            

            

            $s1 lt $s2

            

strcmp($s1,$s2) == 0

            # or

            $s1 === $s2

            

            strcmp($s1,$s2) < 0

            

sub foo {

            my @args = @_;

            }

            

            sub foo {

            $x = 5;

            }

            

            

            

            

            

            foo2( @a, %h );

            

function foo() {

            $args = func_get_args();

            }

            

            function foo() {

            global $x;

            $x = 5;

            }

            

            function foo2($x, $y) {

            }

            

            foo2( $a, $h );

            

$s =~ m/(w+)/;

            $substr = $1;

            

            @all = ($s =~ m/(w+)/g);

            

            

            $s =~ s/s+/X/;

            $s =~ s/s+/X/g;

            

            $s =~ s/^s+|s+$//g;

            

preg_match( "/(w+)/", $s, $match );

            $substr = $match[1];

            

            preg_match_all( "/(w+)/", $s, $match );

            $all = $match[0];

            

            $s = preg_replace( "/s+/", 'X', $s, 1 );

            $s = preg_replace( "/s+/", 'X', $s );

            

            $s = trim($s);

            

use File::Basename;

            

            $b = basename($path);

            $d = dirname($path);

            

 

            

            $b = basename($path);

            $d = dirname($path);

            

%ENV

            

            $ENV{REQUEST_METHOD}

            

            $ARGV[$i]

            

            $0

            

$_SERVER

            

            $_SERVER[REQUEST_METHOD]

            

            $argv[$i+1]

            

            $argv[0]  # Php/CGI only

            

#form/hyperlink parameters:

            # s : single-valued

            # m : multi-valued

            

            use CGI (:standard);

            

            

            

            

            $s = param('s');

            @m = param('m');

            

            @param_names = param();

            $num_params = param();

            

#form/hyperlink parameters:

            # s   : single-valued

            # m[] : multi-valued

            #       (such as multi-selections

            #        and checkbox groups)

            

            $PARAM

            = array_merge($_GET, $_POST);

            

            $s = $PARAM['s'];  # a scalar

            $m = $PARAM['m'];  # an array

            

            $param_names = array_keys($PARAM);

            $num_params = count($PARAM);

            

use CGI (:standard);

            

            

            

            

            

            

            

            $ref = "x.cgi";

            a({href=>$ref}, "yy")

            

            textfield({name=>"yy", size=>5})

            

            password({name=>"yy", size=>5})

            

            textarea({name=>"yy",

            cols=>5, rows=>2})

            

            submit({value=>"yy"})

            

            button( {name=>"xx",

            value=>"yy",

            onclick=>"submit()",

            }

            )

            

            %labels = (0=>'a',1=>'q',2=>'x');

            popup_menu( { name=>"xx",

            values=>[0..2],

            labels=>%labels,

            size=>4,

            }

            )

            

            

            @a = ('xx','yy','zz');

            radio_group( { name=>'nn',

            values=> @a,

            default=>'_',

            linebreak=>1,

            }

            )

            

            %labels = ('xx'=>'L1','yy'=>'L2');

            @a = keys( %labels );

            checkbox_group( { name=>'nn',

            values=> @a,

            labels=> %labels,

            }

            )

            

            table(

            Tr(

            [

            td(['a','b']),

            td(['x','y']),

            ]

            )

            )

            

            

# The Perl/CGI functions have the

            # additional property of "stability"

            # when used in reentrant forms.

            # The values of the HTML elements are

            # set according to the incoming

            # parameter values for those elements.

            # The versions below are not stable.

            

            $ref = "x.php";

            <a href="<?php echo $ref?>">yy</a>

            

            <input type=text name=yy size=5>

            

            <input type=password name=yy size=5>

            

            <textarea name=yy cols=5 rows=2>

            

            </textarea>

            

            <input type="submit" value=yy>

            

            <input type="button"

            name="xx" value="yy"

            onclick="submit()">

            

            

            

            <select name="xx" size="4">

            <?php

            $labels = array(0=>'a',1=>'q',2=>'x');

            foreach (range(0,2) as $_)

            echo "<option value='$_'>",

            $labels[$_];

            ?>

            

            </select>

            

            $a = array('xx','yy','zz');

            foreach ($a as $_)

            echo "<input type=radio

            name=nn value='$_'>$_<br>";

            

            

            

            

            $labels = array('xx'=>'L1','yy'=>'L2');

            foreach (array_keys($labels) as $_)

            echo "<input type=checkbox

            name=nn value='$_'>",

            $labels[$_];

            

            

            

            <table>

            <tr>

            <td>a</td><td>b</td>

            

            </tr>

            <tr>

            <td>x</td><td>y</td>

            </tr>

            </table>

            

use URI::Escape;

            

            uri_escape($val)

            uri_unescape($val)

            

 

            

            

            urlencode($val)

            urldecode($val)

            

use DBI;

            $dbh = DBI->connect(

            'DBI:mysql:test:localhost',

            $usr,$pwd

            );

            

            $dbh->do( $sql_op )

            

            $query = $dbh->prepare( $sql_op );

            $query->execute();

            

            while(

            @record = $query->fetchrow() )

            { .. }

            

            

            $dbh->quote($val)

            

            

            

            

 

            $dbh = mysql_connect(

            'localhost', $usr, $pwd

            );

            mysql_query('USE test')

            

            mysql_query( $sql_op );

            

            $results = mysql_query( $sql_op );

            

            

            while($record =

            mysql_fetch_row($results))

            { .. }

            

            

            "'" . addslashes($val) . "'"