JAVA

The serialization runtime associates with each serializable class a version number, called a serialVersionUID, which is used during deserialization to verify that the sender and receiver of a serialized object have loaded classes for that object that are compatible with respect to serialization. If the receiver has loaded a class for the object that has a different serialVersionUID than that of the corresponding sender's class, then deserialization will result in an InvalidClassException. A serializable class can declare its own serialVersionUID explicitly by declaring a field named "serialVersionUID" that must be static, final, and of type long:

 ANY-ACCESS-MODIFIER static final long serialVersionUID = 42L;

If a serializable class does not explicitly declare a serialVersionUID, then the serialization runtime will calculate a default serialVersionUID value for that class based on various aspects of the class, as described in the Java(TM) Object Serialization Specification. However, it is strongly recommended that all serializable classes explicitly declare serialVersionUID values, since the default serialVersionUID computation is highly sensitive to class details that may vary depending on compiler implementations, and can thus result in unexpected InvalidClassExceptions during deserialization. Therefore, to guarantee a consistent serialVersionUID value across different java compiler implementations, a serializable class must declare an explicit serialVersionUID value. It is also strongly advised that explicit serialVersionUID declarations use the private modifier where possible, since such declarations apply only to the immediately declaring class--serialVersionUID fields are not useful as inherited members.

序列化運行時使用一個稱為 serialVersionUID 的版本號與每個可序列化類相關聯，該序列號在反序列化過程中用于驗證序列化對象的發送者和接收者是否為該對象加載了與序列化兼容的類。如果接收者加載的該對象的類的 serialVersionUID 與對應的發送者的類的版本號不同，則反序列化將會導致 InvalidClassException。可序列化類可以通過聲明名為 "serialVersionUID" 的字段（該字段必須是靜態 (static)、最終 (final) 的 long 型字段）顯式聲明其自己的 serialVersionUID：

 ANY-ACCESS-MODIFIER static final long serialVersionUID = 42L;

如果可序列化類未顯式聲明 serialVersionUID，則序列化運行時將基于該類的各個方面計算該類的默認 serialVersionUID 值，如“Java(TM) 對象序列化規范”中所述。不過，強烈建議 所有可序列化類都顯式聲明 serialVersionUID 值，原因是計算默認的 serialVersionUID 對類的詳細信息具有較高的敏感性，根據編譯器實現的不同可能千差萬別，這樣在反序列化過程中可能會導致意外的 InvalidClassException。因此，為保證 serialVersionUID 值跨不同 java 編譯器實現的一致性，序列化類必須聲明一個明確的 serialVersionUID 值。還強烈建議使用 private 修飾符顯示聲明 serialVersionUID（如果可能），原因是這種聲明僅應用于直接聲明類 -- serialVersionUID 字段作為繼承成員沒有用處。數組類不能聲明一個明確的 serialVersionUID，因此它們總是具有默認的計算值，但是數組類沒有匹配 serialVersionUID 值的要求。