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Django 使用LDAP验证��d��

Thu, 27 Jun 2013 08:30:00 GMT

    学习(f��n)Django做了(ji��n)个小�|�站�Q�但是如果只用在公司内部的话�Q�特此又要员工注册网站帐��P��q�个是个槽糕的问题�?br />
    最好的方式��是直接使用员工的计��机帐号来登录，那样��׃��用�ؓ(f��)又要��住个新帐号名密码而苦��g��(ji��n)�?br />
    恰好公司有LDAP服务器，�q�且存有员工账号信息。这样就可以通过Django的LDAP插�g�Q�来完成员工帐号的登录验证功能�?br />

首先需要安装以下模块：(x��)
python-ldap 2.4.12 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-ldap/2.4.12

django-auth-ldap 1.1.4 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/django-auth-ldap/1.1.4

安装完成后，django��目中settings.py的ldap配置如下:

1 #LDAP configuration
2 import ldap
3 from django_auth_ldap.config import LDAPSearch
4 AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
5     'django_auth_ldap.backend.LDAPBackend',
6     'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend',
7 )
8
9 AUTH_LDAP_SERVER_URI = 'ldap://SERVER_IP'
10 AUTH_LDAP_BIND_DN = 'CN=ACCOUNT_NAME,OU=Accounts,DC=ldap,DC=example,DC=com'
11 AUTH_LDAP_BIND_PASSWORD = "PASSWORD"
12 AUTH_LDAP_USER_SEARCH = LDAPSearch("OU=Accounts,DC=ldap,DC=example,DC=com", ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, "(&(objectClass=person)(sAMAccountName=%(user)s))")
13
14 AUTH_LDAP_USER_ATTR_MAP = {
15      "first_name": "givenName",
16      "last_name": "sn",
17      "email": "mail"
18 }

工作��程�Q?br />

��d��Ӟ��在默认的django数据库帐号验证之前，�?x��)先到LDAP服务器上去验证�?br /> 输入的登录帐号到LDAP服务器验证之前，�?x��)先用配�|�文件中的绑定DN、密码去验证�Q�验证通过才能�l�箋用输入的帐号密码去LDAP服务器验证�?br /> 若LDAP验证通过�Q�会(x��)��(g��)查django数据库中是否已存在该帐号�Q�若不存在，则会(x��)�Ҏ(gu��)��LDAP验证通过后获取的用户信息�Q�来创徏django数据库的用户账号。帐号名和输入的一��P��密码则会(x��)设�ؓ(f��)一个无效的密码�Q�看�?ji��n)下源码�?!",无法合法哈希�~�码�Q�，因�ؓ(f��)该帐号密码验证是从LDAP上进行，所以django中的密码不会(x��)被��用到。除�?ji��n)默认的用户姓名、邮件等信息�Q�若要把Group信息也同步过来的话需要进行相应的配置�?br /> 若LDAP验证��p�|�Q�则�?x��)��用Django数据库的默认��d��验证�?br />
PS: LDAP快速入�?nbsp; http://www.cnblogs.com/obpm/archive/2010/08/28/1811065.html

此号已被�?/a> 2013-06-27 16:30 发表评论

Fri, 10 May 2013 08:24:00 GMT

Django 1.5
Python 2.7.3

国际化支持，�|�上一搜详�l�的例子很多。本以�ؓ(f��)是一个简单的case�Q�结果折腾了(ji��n)好几个小时却百撕不得骑姐�Q�！最�l�去��ȝ��官方教程�Q��ȝ��扑ֈ�解决�Ҏ(gu��)��?br />
��单说下如何国际化支持�Q�以中文国际化�ؓ(f��)例）(j��)�Q�（详情参阅�Q�http://djangobook.py3k.cn/2.0/chapter19/�Q?br />

�?Django �?Python 代码�q�行国际化主要用�?ugettext()�Q�gettext_noop()�Q�gettext_lazy() �?ungettext() �{�函敎ͼ�模板中则使用trans、blocktrans标签�?br />
国际化步骤：(x��)

1.在你的App 目录下创�?locale 目录�Q��ƈ�q�行“django-admin.py makemessages -l zh_CN”产生 locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/django.po 文�g。它�?x��)自动搜索目录下所有需要国际化的内容，生成一个清单文�Ӟ��django.po�Q?然后打开该文�Ӟ��加上对应的中文翻译即可�?br /> 2.�q�行“django-admin.py compilemessages”命��o(h��)�Q�生成一个django.mo文�g�Q�这是真正在�q�行时所调用的�?br />
按照教程所��_(d��)��django�q�行时会(x��)�Ҏ(gu��)��法自动扑ֈ�该文�Ӟ��然而遇到的问题是它没有被找到。显�C�的依然是默认的英文�?br />

Django使用以下��法��L��译�Q?br />
    首先�Q�Django在该视图所在的应用�E�序文�g夹中��L�� locale 目录�?nbsp;若找到所选语�a�的翻译，则加载该��译�?br />
    �W�二步，Django在项目目录中��L�� locale 目录�?nbsp;若找到翻译，则加载该��译�?br />
    最后，Django使用 django/conf/locale 目录中的基本��译�?/span>

估计�q�个问题与我的项目的目录�l�构有关�Q�app没有直接在项目的根目录下�Q�而是中间多了(ji��n)一个目录apps。（感兴��的可参考一下：(x��)django最�?j��ng)_��践：(x��)��目布局 �Q?br />

��ȝ��?ji��n)下官方文挡�Q��ȝ��扑ֈ��?ji��n)解军_��法：(x��)
在项目的settings.py配置文�g中，��d��LOCALE_PATHS变量�Q�把locale目录��d��到其中（官方链接�Q��?br />

LOCALE_PATHS = (
'/home/www/project/common_files/locale',
'/var/local/translations/locale'
)

在django1.5下，国际化默认是支持的，�q�不需要像各教�E�所说那样在配置文�g中添加相应的中间�Ӟ��默认已经加上�?ji��n)�?j��)。如果你发现你的国际化资源文件没有被载入�Q�那��去上面�q�个变量中添加locale路径吧�?/div>

此号已被�?/a> 2013-05-10 16:24 发表评论

Django官方文档学习(f��n)�W�记�Q�Tutorial: Part 3

Fri, 10 May 2013 07:36:00 GMT

�l�箋折腾官方文档教程上的投票应用�Q�这回主要是讲如何创建django的视图（views�Q��?br /> view是django应用中网��늚�一�U�类型，每个view有一个特定的模板�Q�服务于一个特定的�Ҏ(gu��)��?br />
投票�pȝ��q�个应用比较��z�，主要有以�?个views�Q?br />

Poll “index” page – displays the latest few polls.
Poll “detail” page – displays a poll question, with no results but with a form to vote.
Poll “results” page – displays results for a particular poll.
Vote action – handles voting for a particular choice in a particular poll.

    如何从一个url讉K��其对应的view�Q�与URLconf有关�?br />
    1、写�W�一个view
    修改“polls/views.py”文�g�Q�输出hello world�?br />

from django.http import HttpResponse

def index(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello, world. poll index.");

修改poll应用的url文�g�Q?polls/urls.py"�Q�：(x��)

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from polls import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),
)

修改��目的url文�g�Q?mysite/urls.py"�Q�：(x��)

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'mysite.views.home', name='home'),
    # url(r'^mysite/', include('mysite.foo.urls')),

    # Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
    # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),

    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls')),
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)

    从上�q�C��码可以看出，视图通过HttpResponse对象来显�C�页面。http讉K��Ӟ��url则是先通过��目的url文�g�Q?mysite/urls.py"�Q�正则表辑ּ�匚w��q��o(h��)�Q�再到具体应用的urls文�g匚w��视图�?/div>
    url()�Ҏ(gu��)��参数�Q�regex,view,kwargs,name
    regex    正则表达式匹配url链接�Q�不含参敎ͼ�(j��)。例如访�?#8220;

http://www.example.com/myapp/?page=3

”�Q�url链接部分�?#8220;myapp/”;
    view        视图。url讉K��Ӟ��Django匚w��到对应的url链接�Q�则�?x��)调用其对应的view�Ҏ(gu��)��;
    kwargs    传递给目标view的参�?
    name       �l�url命名�Q�以便于识别;

    2、写多个views
    ��h��的url�Ҏ(gu��)��正则表达式匹配对应的视图�?br />

修改poll应用的views文�g�Q?polls/views.py"�Q�：(x��)

index演示�?ji��n)查询最�q?条poll记录�Q��ƈ把poll的question以逗号�q�接�q�回到页面�?/div>

from django.http import HttpResponse
from polls.models import Poll

def index(request):
    latest_poll_list = Poll.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
    output = ', '.join([p.question for p in latest_poll_list])
    return HttpResponse(output)

def detail(request, poll_id):
    return HttpResponse("You're looking at poll %s." % poll_id)

def results(request, poll_id):
    return HttpResponse("You're looking at the results of poll %s." % poll_id)

def vote(request, poll_id):
    return HttpResponse("You're voting on poll %s." % poll_id)

修改poll应用的url文�g�Q?polls/urls.py"�Q�：(x��)

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from polls import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # ex: /polls/
    url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),
    # ex: /polls/5/
    url(r'^(?P\d+)/$', views.detail, name='detail'),
    # ex: /polls/5/results/
    url(r'^(?P\d+)/results/$', views.results, name='results'),
     # ex: /polls/5/vote/
    url(r'^(?P\d+)/vote/$', views.vote, name='vote'),
)

3、��用模板来展示��面

��Z��(ji��n)提高效率�Q��用模板功能来定义html��面布局�?/span>

创徏index模板文�g�Q?polls/templates/polls/index.html"�Q�：(x��)

{% if latest_poll_list %}
    <ul>
    {% for poll in latest_poll_list %}
        <li><a href="/polls/{{ poll.id }}/">{{ poll.question }}a>li>
    {% endfor %}
    ul>
{% else %}
    <p>No polls are available.p>
{% endif %}

html模板中��用了(ji��n)django的标记语�a�。views中会(x��)载入模板渲染�Q�填充数据到标记�Q�生成最�l�的web��面�q�回�?br />

修改views的index�Ҏ(gu��)��Q?polls/views.py"�Q�：(x��)

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.template import Context, loader
from polls.models import Poll

def index(request):
    latest_poll_list = Poll.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
    template = loader.get_template('polls/index.html')
    context = Context({
                       'latest_poll_list':  latest_poll_list,
                       })
    return HttpResponse(template.render(context))

�Ҏ(gu��)��化：(x��)render()

�q�是个可以简化views中生成页面的API�Q�让代码更简�z�一炏V�?/p>

from django.shortcuts import render

from polls.models import Poll

def index(request):
    latest_poll_list = Poll.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
    context = {'latest_poll_list':  latest_poll_list}
    return render(request, 'polls/index.html', context)

4、抛�?04异常

detail视图找不到匹配poll��h��Ӟ��q�回一个http404异常�?br />

from django.http import Http404

def detail(request, poll_id):
    try:
        poll = Poll.objects.get(pk=poll_id)
    except Poll.DoesNotExist:
        raise Http404
    return  render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'poll': poll})

创徏detail模板文�g�Q?polls/templates/polls/detail.html"�Q�：(x��)

<h1>{{ poll.question }}h1>
<ul>
{% for choice in poll.choice_set.all %}
<li>{{ choice.choice_text }}li>
{% endfor %}
ul>

�Ҏ(gu��)��化：(x��)get_object_or_404()

使用该API��化模型与视图的耦合度�?br />

from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from polls.models import Poll

def detail(request, poll_id):
poll = get_object_or_404(Poll, pk=poll_id)
return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'poll': poll})

5、除掉模板中url的硬�~�码

前者index模板中存在url��编码，如果以后��目polls链接发生变动�Q�则模板也要一起修攏V�?/p>

<li><a href="/polls/{{ poll.id }}/">{{ poll.question }}a>li>

使用模板语言�?tt literal"="">{% url %}标记可以消除�q�种问题�?/p>

<li><a href="{% url 'detail' poll.id %}">{{ poll.question }}a>li>

通过url标记�Q�来调用urls.py�Q?polls/urls.py"�Q�配�|�文件中取名为detail的url链接�?br />

url(r'^(?P\d+)/$', views.detail, name='detail'),

如果url有所变动�Q�例如在原有基础上增加（“polls/specifics/12/”�Q?/p>

url(r'^specifics/(?P\d+)/$', views.detail, name='detail'),

6、URL命名�I�间

��目存在多个应用�Ӟ��不同应用之间url名字可能存在重复。给每个应用加上命名�I�间以避免命名冲�H�问题�?/p>

�l�项目的url配置文�g�Q?mysite/urls.py"�Q�加上命名空��_(d��)��(x��)

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls', namespace="polls")),
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)

index.html调用url标记�Ӟ��加上命名�I�间前缀�?br />

<li><a href="{% url 'polls:detail' poll.id %}">{{ poll.question }}a>li>

此号已被�?/a> 2013-05-10 15:36 发表评论

Django官方文档学习(f��n)�W�记�Q�Tutorial: Part 4

Fri, 10 May 2013 07:36:00 GMT

    �l�箋折腾�q�个投票应用�Q�本章主要讲如何处理表单�?nbsp;

    一、写一个表�?/strong>
    修改原来的detail.html模板�Q?polls/templates/polls/detail.html"�Q�：(x��)
<h1>{{ poll.question }}h1>

{% if error_message %}<p><strong>{{ error_message }}strong>p>{% endif %}

<form action="{% url 'polls:vote' poll.id %}" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{% for choice in poll.choice_set.all %}
    <input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}" value="{{ choice.id }}" />
    <label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}">{{ choice.choice_text }}label><br />
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" value="Vote" />
form>
    forloop.counter         for循环的次�?br />
    {% csrf_token %}    避免别的�|�站伪造post��h��数据�?/div>
    如代码所描述的，post之后�?x��)蟩到vote去，修改poll应用的views.py�Q?polls/views.py"�Q�实��C��下vote响应�Ҏ(gu��)��?br />
# Create your views here.
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse

from polls.models import Poll, Choice

def vote(request, poll_id):
    p = get_object_or_404(Poll, pk=poll_id)
    try:
        selected_choice = p.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
    except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {
                                                     'poll': p,
                                                     'error_message': "You din't select a choice.",
                                                     })
    else:
        selected_choice.votes += 1
        selected_choice.save()
        # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing
        # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a
        # user hits the Back button.
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args=(p.id,)))
    request.POST    �Ҏ(gu��)��key讉K��post提交的数据。同理get��h��则��用request.GET
    request.POST['choice']    如果post数据中没有choice�Q�会(x��)爆出KeyError异常�?br />    HttpResponseRedirect    ��面重定向。避免post多次�?br />    reverse()    调用url链接�Q�避免硬�~�码�?br />
    创徏results模板文�g�Q?span style="mso-spacerun:'yes'; font-size:10.5000pt; font-family:'Times New Roman'; ">"polls/templates/polls/results.html"�Q?/span>�?br />
<h1>{{ poll.question }}h1>

<ul>
{% for choice in poll.choice_set.all %}
    <li>{{ choice.choice_text }} -- {{ choice.votes }} vote{{ choice.votes|pluralize }}li>
{% endfor %}
ul>

<a href="{% url 'polls:detail' poll.id %}">Vote again?a>

    二、��用通用视图�Q�减��代�?/strong>
    在web开发中�Q�从数据库查询，�q�渲染模杉K��面到昄��Q�这是个很常见的情况。Django提供�?ji��n)一个用来快速生成视囄��“generic views”�pȝ��。可以将通用的ListView、DetailView的渲染通过它在URLconf中完成�?br />    修改URLconf
    修改poll应用的urls配置文�g�Q?polls/urls.py"�Q�：(x��)
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from django.views.generic import ListView
from django.views.generic.detail import DetailView
from polls.models import Poll

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # ex: /polls/
    url(r'^$', ListView.as_view(queryset=Poll.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5],
                                context_object_name='latest_poll_list',
                                template_name='polls/index.html'), name='index'),
    # ex: /polls/5/
    url(r'^(?P\d+)/$', DetailView.as_view(
                                                   model=Poll,
                                                   template_name='polls/detail.html'
                                                   ), name='detail'),
    # ex: /polls/5/results/
    url(r'^(?P\d+)/results/$', DetailView.as_view(
                                                   model=Poll,
                                                   template_name='polls/results.html'
                                                   ), name='results'),
     # ex: /polls/5/vote/
    url(r'^(?P\d+)/vote/$', 'polls.views.vote', name='vote'),
)

    修改views
    到此�Q�可以把原视图（"polls/views.py"�Q�中的index()、detail()、results()�Ҏ(gu��)��删掉�?ji��n)�?/div>
    �q�里使用�?ji��n)ListView、DetailView。需要注意的是，DetailView使用“pk”��d��配url中的id�?br />    DetailView、ListView默认分别调用“/_detail.html”�?#8220;/_list.html”模板�Q�可以通过“template_name”参数指定特定的模�ѝ�?br />    ListView默认生成的传递给模板的上下文变量�?#8220;_list”�Q�可通过“context_object_name”参数来指定传输变量�?br />

此号已被�?/a> 2013-05-10 15:36 发表评论

Django官方文档学习(f��n)�W�记�Q�Tutorial: Part 2

Fri, 10 May 2013 07:35:00 GMT
    本章主要是介�l�如何利用django的admin site功能�Q�根据定义的models�Q�自动生成可以CRUD的表单页面�?br />    一、自动生成admin界面
    1、激�z�admin site功能
    修改"mysite/settings.py"文�g�Q�在INSTALLED_APPS属性去�?django.contrib.admin'注释�?br />
    修改"mysite/urls.py"文�g�Q�去掉如下三行的注释�Q?br />
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    执行“python manage.py syncdb”命��o(h��)��该模块映射到数据库卛_��?br />
    2、启动开发服务器
    �q�行“python manage.py runserver”启动server�Q�默�?000端口�Q�端口有冲突重新制定�Q�上��提到过的）(j��)�?br />
    启动成功后，卛_��以浏览器打开“http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin”�Q�用之前创徏的super user账户��d��?ji��n)�?br />    默认�q�看不到polls�Q�需要把它注册到admin中�?br />    �?#8220;mysite/polls”目录下创建admin.py文�g�Q�内容如下：(x��)
from django.contrib import admin
from polls.models import Poll

admin.site.register(Poll)
    重启服务器登录，��可以看到根据Poll模板自动生成的CRUD表单�?ji��n)�?br />
    3、自定义admin表单
    多个属性时�Q�如何控制各属性显�C�时的先后关�p�？
    通过修改admin.py,来定义表单显�C�的格式.

from django.contrib import admin
from polls.models import Poll, Choice

class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline): #    admin.StackedInline
    model = Choice
    extra = 3

class PollAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
#    fields = ['pub_date', 'question']

    fieldsets = [
            (None,                          {'fields': ['question']}),
            ('Date information',    {'fields': ['pub_date'],    'classes': ['collapse']}),
    ]
    inlines = [ChoiceInline]
    list_display = ('question', 'pub_date', 'was_published_recently')
    list_filter = ['pub_date']
    search_fields = ['question']
    date_hierarchy = 'pub_date'

admin.site.register(Poll, PollAdmin)
admin.site.register(Choice)
    属性比较少�?直接通过"fields = ['pub_date', 'question']"�?span>��定先后��序卛_��.
    而属性比较多�?则可通过讄��fieldsets来制定显�C�效�?
    效果如下�?

    Poll表单�Q?br />    'Date information'            新表单标�?
    'collapse'                         django自带的隐藏样�?
    “inlines = [ChoiceInline]”   ��Choice表单昄��在Poll�?
    admin.StackedInline         Choice属性垂直显�C?
    admin.TabularInline          Choice属性水�q�x��C?

    Poll list记录�Q?br />
    修改"mysite/polls/models.py"文�g�Q�设�|�相兛_��性的昄��样式�?div style="background-color:#eeeeee;font-size:13px;border:1px solid #CCCCCC;padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 4px;padding-left: 4px;padding-top: 4px;width: 98%;word-break:break-all">class Poll(models.Model):
    question = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.question
    def was_published_recently(self):
        return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
    was_published_recently.admin_order_field = 'pub_date'
    was_published_recently.boolean = True
    was_published_recently.short_description = 'Published recently?'

    list_display = ('question', 'pub_date', 'was_published_recently') 指定poll list记录��面昄��那些字段
    list_filter = ['pub_date']    右侧的过滤器�Q�django自带日期选项
    search_fields = ['question']    上端搜烦(ch��)框；制定搜烦(ch��)的属性范��_(d��)��like匚w��
    date_hierarchy = 'pub_date'   日期分层��D��Q�根据记录日期年月日自动分类

    二、自定义admin外观
    创徏“mysite/templates”目录�Q�修�?mysite/settings.py"文�g�Q�在TEMPLATE_DIRS属性中配置该目录位�|��?br />    �q�入django安装目录�Q?..\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\contrib\admin\templates�Q�，把你需要修改的文�g�Q�拷贝到��目“mysite/templates”目录下，修改成你需要的效果�Q�服务器启动时会(x��)自动从此处加载�?br />

此号已被�?/a> 2013-05-10 15:35 发表评论

Django官方文档学习(f��n)�W�记�Q�Tutorial: Part 1

Sun, 07 Apr 2013 10:35:00 GMT
     摘要:   阅读全文

此号已被�?/a> 2013-04-07 18:35 发表评论