• 字符ä¸?

如果包含ç‰ÒŽ(gu¨©)®Šå­—符需要è{义，如下面的例子åQ?

${"It's \"quoted\" and

this is a backslash: \\"}



${'It\'s "quoted" and

this is a backslash: \\'} 

It's "quoted" and

this is a backslash: \



It's "quoted" and

this is a backslash: \ 

有一¾cȝ‰¹ŒDŠçš„字符串称为raw字符ä¸ÔŒ¼Œè¢«è®¤ä¸ºæ˜¯¾U¯æ–‡æœ¬ï¼Œå…¶ä¸­çš„\å’Œ{½{‰ä¸å…ähœ‰ç‰ÒŽ(gu¨©)®Šå«ä¹‰åQŒè¯¥¾cÕd­—½W¦ä¸²åœ¨å¼•å·å‰é¢åŠ råQŒä¸‹é¢æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªä¾‹å­ï¼š(x¨¬)

${r"${foo}"}



${r"C:\foo\bar"}  

${foo}



C:\foo\bar  

• æ•°å­—

直接输入åQŒä¸éœ€è¦å¼•å?

¾_‘Öº¦æ•°å­—使用“.”分隔åQŒä¸èƒ½ä‹É用分¾l„符å?

目前版本不支持科学计数法åQŒæ‰€ä»?#8220;1E3”是错误的

不能省略ž®æ•°ç‚¹å‰é¢çš„0åQŒæ‰€ä»?#8220;.5”是错误的

数字8�8�8�.00都是相同�

• 布尔å€?

trueå’ŒfalseåQŒä¸ä½¿ç”¨å¼•å·

• 序列

由逗号分隔的子变量列表åQŒç”±æ–ÒŽ(gu¨©)‹¬å·é™å®šï¼Œä¸‹é¢æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªä¾‹å­ï¼š(x¨¬)

<#list ["winter", "spring", "summer", "autumn"] as x>

${x}

</#list> 

winter

spring

summer

autumn

[2 + 2, [1, 2, 3, 4], "whatnot"]

可以定义反递增的数字范å›ß_(d¨¢)¼Œå¦?..2

• 散列åQˆhashåQ?

{"name":"green mouse", "price":150}

获取变量

• ™å¶å±‚变量åQ?${variable}åQŒå˜é‡ååªèƒ½æ˜¯å­—母、数字、下划线ã€?、@å’?的组合，且不能以数字开å¤?

• 从散列中获取数据

可以使用点语法或æ–ÒŽ(gu¨©)‹¬å¯‚¯­æ³•ï¼Œå‡è®¾æœ‰ä¸‹é¢çš„数据模型åQ?

(root)

|

+- book

|   |

|   +- title = "Breeding green mouses"

|   |

|   +- author

|       |

|       +- name = "Julia Smith"

|       |

|       +- info = "Biologist, 1923-1985, Canada"

|

+- test = "title" 

book.author.name

book["author"].name

book.author.["name"]

book["author"]["name"]

• 从序列获得数据：(x¨¬)和散列的æ–ÒŽ(gu¨©)‹¬å¯‚¯­æ³•è¯­æ³•ä¸€æ øP¼Œåªæ˜¯æ–ÒŽ(gu¨©)‹¬å·ä¸­çš„表辑ּå€¼å¿…™åÀL˜¯æ•°å­—åQ›æ³¨æ„ï¼š(x¨¬)½W¬ä¸€ä¸ªé¡¹ç›®çš„索引æ˜?

序列片断åQšä‹É用[startIndex..endIndex]语法åQŒä»Žåºåˆ—中获得序列片断（也是序列åQ‰ï¼›startIndexå’ŒendIndex是结果äØ“(f¨´)数字的表辑ּ

• ç‰ÒŽ(gu¨©)®Šå˜é‡åQšFreeMarker内定义变量，使用.variablename语法讉K—®

字符串操�

• InterpolationåQˆæˆ–˜qžæŽ¥æ“ä½œåQ?

可以使用${..}åQˆæˆ–#{..}åQ‰åœ¨æ–‡æœ¬éƒ¨åˆ†æ’入表达式的å€û|¼Œä¾‹å¦‚åQ?

${"Hello ${user}!"}



${"${user}${user}${user}${user}"}  

${"Hello " + user + "!"}



${user + user + user + user}

<#if ${isBig}>Wow!</#if>



<#if "${isBig}">Wow!</#if>

<#if isBig>Wow!</#if>

• 子串

例子åQˆå‡è®¾userçš„å€égØ“(f¨´)“Big Joe”åQ‰ï¼š(x¨¬)

${user[0]}${user[4]}



${user[1..4]}

BJ



ig J 

• ˜qžæŽ¥æ“ä½œåQšå’Œå­—符串一æ øP¼Œä½¿ç”¨+åQŒä¸‹é¢æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªä¾‹å­ï¼š(x¨¬)

<#list ["Joe", "Fred"] + ["Julia", "Kate"] as user>

- ${user}

</#list>

- Joe

- Fred

- Julia

- Kate

• ˜qžæŽ¥æ“ä½œåQšå’Œå­—符串一æ øP¼Œä½¿ç”¨+åQŒå¦‚果具有相同的keyåQŒå³è¾¹çš„值替代左边的å€û|¼Œä¾‹å¦‚åQ?

<#assign ages = {"Joe":23, "Fred":25} + {"Joe":30, "Julia":18}>

- Joe is ${ages.Joe}

- Fred is ${ages.Fred}

- Julia is ${ages.Julia}  

- Joe is 30

- Fred is 25

- Julia is 18  

• åQ‹ã€ï¼ã€?#215;、／、％åQŒä¸‹é¢æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªä¾‹å­ï¼š(x¨¬)

${x * x - 100}

${x / 2}

${12 % 10}

-75

2.5

2  

${3 * "5"} <#-- WRONG! -->  

${3 + "5"}  

35

${(x/2)?int}

${1.1?int}

${1.999?int}

${-1.1?int}

${-1.999?int}

2

1

1

-1

-1

• 比较操作½W?

使用=åQˆæˆ–==åQŒå®Œå…¨ç›¸½{‰ï¼‰(j¨ª)‹¹‹è¯•ä¸¤ä¸ªå€¼æ˜¯å¦ç›¸½{‰ï¼Œä½¿ç”¨!= ‹¹‹è¯•ä¸¤ä¸ªå€¼æ˜¯å¦ä¸ç›¸ç­‰

=å’?=两边必须是相同类型的å€û|¼Œå¦åˆ™ä¼?x¨¬)äñ”生错误，例å¦?lt;#if 1 = "1">ä¼?x¨¬)引起错è?

Freemarker是精¼‹®æ¯”较，所以对"x"ã€?x "å’?X"是不相等çš?

å¯ÒŽ(gu¨©)•°å­—和日期可以使用<ã€?lt;=ã€?gt;å’?gt;=åQŒä½†ä¸èƒ½ç”¨äºŽå­—符ä¸?

ç”׃ºŽFreemarkerä¼?x¨¬)å°?gt;解释成FTL标记的结束字½W¦ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥å¯¹äº?gt;å’?gt;=可以使用括号来避免这¿Uæƒ…况，例如<#if (x > y)>

另一¿Uæ›¿ä»£çš„æ–ÒŽ(gu¨©)³•æ˜¯ï¼Œä½¿ç”¨lt、lte、gtå’Œgte来替ä»?lt;ã€?lt;=ã€?gt;å’?gt;=

• 逻辑操作½W?

&&åQˆandåQ‰ã€||åQˆoråQ‰ã€?åQˆnotåQ‰ï¼Œåªèƒ½ç”¨äºŽå¸ƒå°”å€û|¼Œå¦åˆ™ä¼?x¨¬)äñ”生错è?

例子åQ?

<#if x < 12 && color = "green">

We have less than 12 things, and they are green.

</#if>

<#if !hot> <#-- here hot must be a boolean -->

It's not hot.

</#if>  

• 内徏函数

内徏函数的用法类ä¼ÆD®¿é—®æ•£åˆ—的子变量，只是使用“?”替代“.”åQŒä¸‹é¢åˆ—出常用的一些函æ•?

• • 字符串ä‹É用的åQ?

htmlåQšå¯¹å­—符串进行HTML¾~–码

cap_firståQšä‹É字符串第一个字母大å†?

lower_caseåQšå°†å­—符串è{换成ž®å†™

upper_caseåQšå°†å­—符串è{换成大写

trimåQšåŽ»æŽ‰å­—½W¦ä¸²å‰åŽçš„空白字½W?

• • 序列使用的：(x¨¬)

sizeåQšèŽ·å¾—序列中元素的数ç›?

• • 数字使用的：(x¨¬)

intåQšå–得数字的整数部分åQˆå¦‚-1.9?int的结果是-1åQ?

例子åQˆå‡è®¾test保存字符ä¸?Tom & Jerry"åQ‰ï¼š(x¨¬)

${test?html}

${test?upper_case?html}

Tom & Jerry

TOM & JERRY  

• 操作½W¦ä¼˜å…ˆé¡ºåº?

åQ?åQ‰Interpolation

Interpolation有两¿Uç±»åž‹ï¼š(x¨¬)

1. 通用InterpolationåQ?{expr}

1. æ•°å­—InterpolationåQ?{expr}æˆ?{expr; format}

注意åQšInterpolation只能用于文本部分

• 通用Interpolation

插入字符串å€û|¼š(x¨¬)直接输出表达式结æž?

插入数字å€û|¼š(x¨¬)æ ÒŽ(gu¨©)®¾~ºçœæ ¼å¼åQˆç”±#setting指ä×o(h¨´)讄¡½®åQ‰å°†è¡¨è¾¾å¼ç»“æžœè{换成文本输出åQ›å¯ä»¥ä‹É用内建函数string格式化单个InterpolationåQŒä¸‹é¢æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªä¾‹å­ï¼š(x¨¬)

<#setting number_format="currency"/>

<#assign answer=42/>

${answer}

${answer?string}  <#-- the same as ${answer} -->

${answer?string.number}

${answer?string.currency}

${answer?string.percent} 

$42.00

$42.00

42

$42.00

4,200%

${lastUpdated?string("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss zzzz")}

${lastUpdated?string("EEE, MMM d, ''yy")}

${lastUpdated?string("EEEE, MMMM dd, yyyy, hh:mm:ss a '('zzz')'")}  

2003-04-08 21:24:44 Pacific Daylight Time

Tue, Apr 8, '03

Tuesday, April 08, 2003, 09:24:44 PM (PDT)

<#assign foo=true/>

${foo?string("yes", "no")}

yes

• æ•°å­—Interpolationçš?{expr; format}形式可以用来格式化数字，format可以是：(x¨¬)

mXåQšå°æ•°éƒ¨åˆ†æœ€ž®Xä½?

MXåQšå°æ•°éƒ¨åˆ†æœ€å¤§Xä½?

例子åQ?

<#-- If the language is US English the output is: -->

<#assign x=2.582/>

<#assign y=4/>

#{x; M2}   <#-- 2.58 -->

#{y; M2}   <#-- 4    -->

#{x; m1}   <#-- 2.6 -->

#{y; m1}   <#-- 4.0 -->

#{x; m1M2} <#-- 2.58 -->

#{y; m1M2} <#-- 4.0  -->  

4、杂™å?

åQ?åQ‰ç”¨æˆ·å®šä¹‰æŒ‡ä»?

宏和变换器变量是两种不同¾cÕdž‹çš„用户定义指令，它们之间的区别是宏是在模板中使用macro指ä×o(h¨´)定义åQŒè€Œå˜æ¢å™¨æ˜¯åœ¨æ¨¡æ¿å¤–ç”±½E‹åºå®šä¹‰åQŒè¿™é‡Œåªä»‹ç»å®?

• 基本用法

宏是和某个变量关联的模板片断åQŒä»¥ä¾¿åœ¨æ¨¡æ¿ä¸­é€šè¿‡ç”¨æˆ·å®šä¹‰æŒ‡ä×o(h¨´)使用该变量，下面是一个例子：(x¨¬)

<#macro greet>

<font size="+2">Hello Joe!</font>

</#macro>  

<@greet></@greet>

<@greet/>

• 参数

在macro指ä×o(h¨´)中可以在宏变量之后定义参敎ͼŒå¦‚：(x¨¬)

<#macro greet person>

<font size="+2">Hello ${person}!</font>

</#macro> 

<@greet person="Fred"/> and <@greet person="Batman"/> 

  <font size="+2">Hello Fred!</font>



and   <font size="+2">Hello Batman!</font>

宏的参数是FTL表达式，所以下面的代码å…ähœ‰ä¸åŒçš„意思：(x¨¬)

<@greet person=Fred/>

可以有多参数åQŒä¸‹é¢æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªä¾‹å­ï¼š(x¨¬)

<#macro greet person color>

<font size="+2" color="${color}">Hello ${person}!</font>

</#macro> 

<@greet person="Fred" color="black"/> 

<@greet color="black" person="Fred"/>

<@greet person="Fred" color="black" background="green"/>

<@greet person="Fred"/>

<#macro greet person color="black">

<font size="+2" color="${color}">Hello ${person}!</font>

</#macro>  

宏的参数是局部变量，只能在宏定义中有�

• 嵌套内容

用户定义指ä×o(h¨´)可以有嵌套内容，使用<#nested>指ä×o(h¨´)执行指ä×o(h¨´)开始和¾l“束标记之间的模板片æ–?

例子åQ?

<#macro border>

<table border=4 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4><tr><td>

<#nested>

</tr></td></table>

</#macro>  

<@border>The bordered text</@border>

  <table border=4 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4><tr><td>

The bordered text

</tr></td></table>

<#nested>指ä×o(h¨´)可以被多‹Æ¡è°ƒç”¨ï¼Œä¾‹å¦‚åQ?

<#macro do_thrice>

<#nested>

<#nested>

<#nested>

</#macro>

<@do_thrice>

Anything.

</@do_thrice>  

  Anything.

Anything.

Anything. 

  <table border=4 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4><tr><td>

<ul>

<li><font size="+2">Hello Joe!</font>

<li><font size="+2">Hello Joe!</font>

<li><font size="+2">Hello Joe!</font>

</ul>

</tr></td></table>  

<#macro repeat count>

<#local y = "test">

<#list 1..count as x>

${y} ${count}/${x}: <#nested>

</#list>

</#macro>

<@repeat count=3>${y?default("?")} ${x?default("?")} ${count?default("?")}</@repeat>

    test 3/1: ? ? ?

test 3/2: ? ? ?

test 3/3: ? ? ?

<#macro repeat count>

<#list 1..count as x>

<#nested x, x/2, x==count>

</#list>

</#macro>

<@repeat count=4 ; c, halfc, last>

${c}. ${halfc}<#if last> Last!</#if>

</@repeat>  

  1. 0.5

2. 1

3. 1.5

4. 2 Last!

<#assign x = "plain">

1. ${x}  <#-- we see the plain var. here -->

<@test/>

6. ${x}  <#-- the value of plain var. was not changed -->

<#list ["loop"] as x>

7. ${x}  <#-- now the loop var. hides the plain var. -->

<#assign x = "plain2"> <#-- replace the plain var, hiding does not mater here -->

8. ${x}  <#-- it still hides the plain var. -->

</#list>

9. ${x}  <#-- the new value of plain var. -->

<#macro test>

2. ${x}  <#-- we still see the plain var. here -->

<#local x = "local">

3. ${x}  <#-- now the local var. hides it -->

<#list ["loop"] as x>

4. ${x}  <#-- now the loop var. hides the local var. -->

</#list>

5. ${x}  <#-- now we see the local var. again -->

</#macro>  

1. plain

2. plain

3. local

4. loop

5. local

6. plain

7. loop

8. loop

9. plain2

<#list ["loop 1"] as x>

${x}

<#list ["loop 2"] as x>

${x}

<#list ["loop 3"] as x>

${x}

</#list>

${x}

</#list>

${x}

</#list>

  loop 1

loop 2

loop 3

loop 2

loop 1 

<#assign user = "Joe Hider">

${user}          <#-- prints: Joe Hider -->

${.globals.user} <#-- prints: Big Joe -->  

<#macro copyright date>

<p>Copyright (C) ${date} Julia Smith. All rights reserved.

<br>Email: ${mail}</p>

</#macro>  

<#assign mail = "jsmith@acme.com"> 

<#import "/lib/my_test.ftl" as my>

<#assign mail="fred@acme.com">

<@my.copyright date="1999-2002"/>

${my.mail}

${mail}  

  <p>Copyright (C) 1999-2002 Julia Smith. All rights reserved.

<br>Email: jsmith@acme.com</p>

jsmith@acme.com

fred@acme.com  

<#import "/lib/my_test.ftl" as my>

${my.mail}

<#assign mail="jsmith@other.com" in my>

${my.mail}  

jsmith@acme.com

jsmith@other.com  

<#macro copyright date>

<p>Copyright (C) ${date} ${user}. All rights reserved.</p>

</#macro>

<#assign mail = "${user}@acme.com">   

<#import "/lib/my_test.ftl" as my>

<@my.copyright date="1999-2002"/>

${my.mail}   

  <p>Copyright (C) 1999-2002 Fred. All rights reserved.</p>

Fred@acme.com   





补充åQˆé™(r¨´n)态方法的调用åQ‰ï¼š(x¨¬)



æ–ÒŽ(gu¨©)³•1åQ?/strong>

##定义配置文äšg freemarkerstatic.properties 

_Validator=com.longyou.util.Validator 

_Functions=com.longyou.util.Functions 

_EscapeUtils=com.longyou.util.EscapeUtils 

/调用代码 

${_Functions.toUpperCase("Hello")}<br> 

${_EscapeUtils.escape("狼的原野")}



æ–ÒŽ(gu¨©)³•2åQ?/strong>

${stack.findValue("@package.ClassName@method")}





补充åQšå¸¸ç”¨è¯­æ³?/strong>

EG.一个对象BOOK

1.输出 ${book.name}

½Iºå€¼åˆ¤æ–­ï¼š(x¨¬)${book.name?if_exists },

${book.name?default(‘xxx’)}//默认值xxx

${ book.name!"xxx"}//默认值xxx

日期格式åQ?{book.date?string('yyyy-MM-dd')}

数字格式åQ?{book?string.number}--20

${book?string.currency}--<#-- $20.00 -->

${book?string.percent}�lt;#-- 20% -->

插入布尔å€û|¼š(x¨¬)

<#assign foo=ture />

${foo?string("yes","no")} <#-- yes -->

 

 

 

 

2åQŽé€»è¾‘判断

a:

<#if condition>...

<#elseif condition2>...

<#elseif condition3>......

<#else>...

其中½Iºå€¼åˆ¤æ–­å¯ä»¥å†™æˆ?lt;#if book.name?? >

 

b:

<#switch value>

<#case refValue1>

...

<#break>

<#case refValue2>

...

<#break>

...

<#case refValueN>

...

<#break>

<#default>

...

 

3åQŽåó@环读å?/p>

<#list sequence as item>

...

½Iºå€¼åˆ¤æ–?lt;#if bookList?size = 0>

e.g.

<#list employees as e>

${e_index}. ${e.name}

输出:

1. Readonly

2. Robbin

freemarker中Mapçš„ä‹Éç”?/strong>
<#list testMap?keys as testKey>
       < option value="${testKey}" >

              ${testMap[testKey]}

     </option>
</#list>

freemarkerçš„Eclipse插äšg

• If you use Eclipse 2.x:
  1. Open the Window menu, then Open Perspective -> Install/Update
  2. Click with the right mouse button on the Feature Updates view, then select New -> Site Bookmark
  3. In the displayed dialog box, type "FreeMarker" for Name and "http://www.freemarker.org/eclipse/update" for URL. Leave the "Bookmark type" radio buttons on "Eclipse update site".
  4. Click Finish
  5. Open the tree node under the newly created update site named "FreeMarker", select the "FreeMarker X.Y.Z" feature, and install it using the Install now button in the preview pane.
• If you use Eclipse 3.x:
  1. Help -> Software updates -> Find and install....
  2. Choose "Search for new features to install".
  3. Click Add Update Site..., and type "FreeMarker" for Name and "http://www.freemarker.org/eclipse/update" for URL.
  4. Check the box of the "FreeMarker" feature.
  5. "Next"-s until it is installed...

Eric Gu 2009-06-18 09:19 发表评论

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