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鍚嶈瘝瑙i噴錛?/strong>man epoll涔嬪悗錛屽緱鍒板涓嬬粨鏋滐細

NAME
       epoll - I/O event notification facility

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/epoll.h>

DESCRIPTION
       epoll is a variant of poll(2) that can be used either as Edge or Level
       Triggered interface and scales well to large numbers of  watched  fds.
       Three  system  calls  are provided to set up and control an epoll set:
       epoll_create(2), epoll_ctl(2), epoll_wait(2).

       An epoll set is connected to a file descriptor created  by  epoll_cre-
       ate(2).   Interest for certain file descriptors is then registered via
       epoll_ctl(2).  Finally, the actual wait is started by epoll_wait(2).

鍏跺疄錛屼竴鍒囩殑瑙i噴閮芥槸澶氫綑鐨勶紝鎸夌収鎴戠洰鍓嶇殑浜嗚В錛孍POLL妯″瀷浼間箮鍙湁涓€縐嶆牸寮忥紝鎵€浠ュぇ瀹跺彧瑕佸弬鑰冩垜涓嬮潰鐨勪唬鐮侊紝灝辮兘澶熷EPOLL鏈夋墍浜嗚В浜嗭紝浠g爜鐨勮В閲婇兘宸茬粡鍦ㄦ敞閲婁腑錛?/p>

while (TRUE)
 {
  int nfds = epoll_wait (m_epoll_fd, m_events, MAX_EVENTS, EPOLL_TIME_OUT);//絳夊緟EPOLL鏃墮棿鐨勫彂鐢燂紝鐩稿綋浜庣洃鍚紝鑷充簬鐩稿叧鐨勭鍙o紝闇€瑕佸湪鍒濆鍖朎POLL鐨勬椂鍊欑粦瀹氥€?br />  if (nfds <= 0)
   continue;
  m_bOnTimeChecking = FALSE;
  G_CurTime = time(NULL);
  for (int i=0; i<nfds; i++)
  {
   try
   {
    if (m_events[i].data.fd == m_listen_http_fd)//濡傛灉鏂扮洃嫻嬪埌涓€涓狧TTP鐢ㄦ埛榪炴帴鍒扮粦瀹氱殑HTTP绔彛錛屽緩绔嬫柊鐨勮繛鎺ャ€傜敱浜庢垜浠柊閲囩敤浜哠OCKET榪炴帴錛屾墍浠ュ熀鏈病鐢ㄣ€?br />    {
     OnAcceptHttpEpoll ();
    }
    else if (m_events[i].data.fd == m_listen_sock_fd)//濡傛灉鏂扮洃嫻嬪埌涓€涓猄OCKET鐢ㄦ埛榪炴帴鍒頒簡緇戝畾鐨凷OCKET绔彛錛屽緩绔嬫柊鐨勮繛鎺ャ€?br />    {
     OnAcceptSockEpoll ();
    }
    else if (m_events[i].events & EPOLLIN)//濡傛灉鏄凡緇忚繛鎺ョ殑鐢ㄦ埛錛屽茍涓旀敹鍒版暟鎹紝閭d箞榪涜璇誨叆銆?br />    {
     OnReadEpoll (i);
    }

    OnWriteEpoll (i);//鏌ョ湅褰撳墠鐨勬椿鍔ㄨ繛鎺ユ槸鍚︽湁闇€瑕佸啓鍑虹殑鏁版嵁銆?br />   }
   catch (int)
   {
    PRINTF ("CATCH鎹曡幏閿欒/n");
    continue;
   }
  }
  m_bOnTimeChecking = TRUE;
  OnTimer ();//榪涜涓€浜涘畾鏃剁殑鎿嶄綔錛屼富瑕佸氨鏄垹闄や竴浜涚煭綰跨敤鎴風瓑銆?br /> }

銆€鍏跺疄EPOLL鐨勭簿鍗庯紝鎸夌収鎴戠洰鍓嶇殑鐞嗚В錛屼篃灝辨槸涓婅堪鐨勫嚑孌電煭鐭殑浠g爜錛岀湅鏉ユ椂浠g湡鐨勪笉鍚屼簡錛屼互鍓嶅浣曟帴鍙楀ぇ閲忕敤鎴瘋繛鎺ョ殑闂錛岀幇鍦ㄥ嵈琚姝よ交鏉劇殑鎼炲畾錛岀湡鏄浜轟笉寰椾笉鎰熷徆銆?/p>

浠婂ぉ鎼炰簡涓€澶╃殑epoll錛屾兂鍋氫竴涓珮騫跺彂鐨勪唬鐞嗙▼搴忋€傚垰寮€濮嬬湡鏄儊闂?涓€鐩存悶涓嶉€氾紝緗戜笂涔熸湁鍑犵瘒浠嬬粛epoll鐨勬枃绔犮€備絾閮戒笉娣卞叆錛屾病鏈夊皢涓€浜涙敞鎰忕殑鍦版柟璁叉槑銆備互鑷充簬璧頒簡寰堝寮礬錛岀幇灝嗚嚜宸辯殑涓€浜涚悊瑙e叡浜粰澶у,浠ュ皯璧板集璺€?

epoll鐢ㄥ埌鐨勬墍鏈夊嚱鏁伴兘鏄湪澶存枃浠秙ys/epoll.h涓0鏄庯紝鏈変粈涔堝湴鏂逛笉鏄庣櫧鎴栧嚱鏁板繕璁頒簡鍙互鍘葷湅涓€涓嬨€?
epoll鍜宻elect鐩告瘮錛屾渶澶т笉鍚屽湪浜?

1epoll榪斿洖鏃跺凡緇忔槑紜殑鐭ラ亾鍝釜sokcet fd鍙戠敓浜嗕簨浠訛紝涓嶇敤鍐嶄竴涓釜姣斿銆傝繖鏍峰氨鎻愰珮浜嗘晥鐜囥€?
2select鐨凢D_SETSIZE鏄湁闄愭鐨勶紝鑰宔poll鏄病鏈夐檺姝㈢殑鍙笌緋葷粺璧勬簮鏈夊叧銆?

1銆乪poll_create鍑芥暟
鍑芥暟澹版槑錛歩nt epoll_create(int size)
璇?鍑芥暟鐢熸垚涓€涓猠poll涓撶敤鐨勬枃浠舵弿榪扮銆傚畠鍏跺疄鏄湪鍐呮牳鐢寵涓€絀洪棿錛岀敤鏉ュ瓨鏀句綘鎯沖叧娉ㄧ殑socket fd涓婃槸鍚﹀彂鐢熶互鍙婂彂鐢熶簡浠€涔堜簨浠躲€俿ize灝辨槸浣犲湪榪欎釜epoll fd涓婅兘鍏蟲敞鐨勬渶澶ocket fd鏁般€傞殢浣犲畾濂戒簡銆傚彧瑕佷綘鏈夌┖闂淬€傚彲鍙傝涓婇潰涓巗elect涔嬩笉鍚?.

22銆乪poll_ctl鍑芥暟
鍑芥暟澹版槑錛歩nt epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, struct epoll_event *event)
璇ュ嚱鏁扮敤浜庢帶鍒舵煇涓猠poll鏂囦歡鎻忚堪絎︿笂鐨勪簨浠訛紝鍙互娉ㄥ唽浜嬩歡錛屼慨鏀逛簨浠訛紝鍒犻櫎浜嬩歡銆?
鍙傛暟錛?
epfd錛氱敱 epoll_create 鐢熸垚鐨別poll涓撶敤鐨勬枃浠舵弿榪扮錛?
op錛氳榪涜鐨勬搷浣滀緥濡傛敞鍐屼簨浠訛紝鍙兘鐨勫彇鍊糆POLL_CTL_ADD 娉ㄥ唽銆丒POLL_CTL_MOD 淇?鏀廣€丒POLL_CTL_DEL 鍒犻櫎

fd錛氬叧鑱旂殑鏂囦歡鎻忚堪絎︼紱
event錛氭寚鍚慹poll_event鐨勬寚閽堬紱
濡傛灉璋冪敤鎴愬姛榪斿洖0,涓嶆垚鍔熻繑鍥?1

鐢ㄥ埌鐨勬暟鎹粨鏋?
typedef union epoll_data {
void *ptr;
int fd;
__uint32_t u32;
__uint64_t u64;
} epoll_data_t;

struct epoll_event {
__uint32_t events; /* Epoll events */
epoll_data_t data; /* User data variable */
};


濡傦細
struct epoll_event ev;
//璁劇疆涓庤澶勭悊鐨勪簨浠剁浉鍏崇殑鏂囦歡鎻忚堪絎?br />ev.data.fd=listenfd;
//璁劇疆瑕佸鐞嗙殑浜嬩歡綾誨瀷
ev.events=EPOLLIN|EPOLLET;
//娉ㄥ唽epoll浜嬩歡
epoll_ctl(epfd,EPOLL_CTL_ADD,listenfd,&ev);


甯哥敤鐨勪簨浠剁被鍨?
EPOLLIN 錛氳〃紺哄搴旂殑鏂囦歡鎻忚堪絎﹀彲浠ヨ錛?br />EPOLLOUT錛氳〃紺哄搴旂殑鏂囦歡鎻忚堪絎﹀彲浠ュ啓錛?br />EPOLLPRI錛氳〃紺哄搴旂殑鏂囦歡鎻忚堪絎︽湁绱ф€ョ殑鏁版嵁鍙
EPOLLERR錛氳〃紺哄搴旂殑鏂囦歡鎻忚堪絎﹀彂鐢熼敊璇紱
EPOLLHUP錛氳〃紺哄搴旂殑鏂囦歡鎻忚堪絎﹁鎸傛柇錛?br />EPOLLET錛氳〃紺哄搴旂殑鏂囦歡鎻忚堪絎︽湁浜嬩歡鍙戠敓錛?br />

3銆乪poll_wait鍑芥暟
鍑芥暟澹版槑:int epoll_wait(int epfd,struct epoll_event * events,int maxevents,int timeout)
璇ュ嚱鏁扮敤浜庤疆璇/O浜嬩歡鐨勫彂鐢燂紱
鍙傛暟錛?br />epfd:鐢眅poll_create 鐢熸垚鐨別poll涓撶敤鐨勬枃浠舵弿榪扮錛?br />epoll_event:鐢ㄤ簬鍥炰紶浠e鐞嗕簨浠剁殑鏁扮粍錛?br />maxevents:姣忔鑳藉鐞嗙殑浜嬩歡鏁幫紱
timeout:絳夊緟I/O浜嬩歡鍙戠敓鐨勮秴鏃跺€?鍗曚綅鎴戜篃涓嶅お娓呮)錛?1鐩稿綋浜庨樆濉烇紝0鐩稿綋浜庨潪闃誨銆備竴鑸敤-1鍗沖彲
榪斿洖鍙戠敓浜嬩歡鏁般€?br />

 

 

 

 

  1. #include <stdio.h>  
  2. #include <stdlib.h>  
  3. #include <errno.h>  
  4. #include <string.h>  
  5. #include <sys/types.h>  
  6. #include <netinet/in.h>  
  7. #include <sys/socket.h>  
  8. #include <sys/wait.h>  
  9. #include <unistd.h>  
  10. #include <arpa/inet.h>  
  11. #include <openssl/ssl.h>  
  12. #include <openssl/err.h>  
  13. #include <fcntl.h>  
  14. #include <sys/epoll.h>  
  15. #include <sys/time.h>  
  16. #include <sys/resource.h>  
  1. #define MAXBUF 1024  
  2. #define MAXEPOLLSIZE 10000  
  1. /* 
  2. setnonblocking - 璁劇疆鍙ユ焺涓洪潪闃誨鏂瑰紡 
  3. */  
  4. int setnonblocking(int sockfd)  
  5. {  
  6.     if (fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFL, fcntl(sockfd, F_GETFD, 0)|O_NONBLOCK) == -1)  
  7.  {  
  8.         return -1;  
  9.     }  
  10.     return 0;  
  11. }  
  1. /* 
  2. handle_message - 澶勭悊姣忎釜 socket 涓婄殑娑堟伅鏀跺彂 
  3. */  
  4. int handle_message(int new_fd)  
  5. {  
  6.     char buf[MAXBUF + 1];  
  7.     int len;  
  8.       
  9.  /* 寮€濮嬪鐞嗘瘡涓柊榪炴帴涓婄殑鏁版嵁鏀跺彂 */  
  10.     bzero(buf, MAXBUF + 1);  
  11.      
  12.  /* 鎺ユ敹瀹㈡埛绔殑娑堟伅 */  
  13.     len = recv(new_fd, buf, MAXBUF, 0);  
  14.     if (len > 0)  
  15.  {  
  16.         printf  
  17.             ("%d鎺ユ敹娑堟伅鎴愬姛:'%s'錛屽叡%d涓瓧鑺傜殑鏁版嵁/n",  
  18.              new_fd, buf, len);  
  19.  }  
  20.     else  
  21.  {  
  22.         if (len < 0)  
  23.      printf  
  24.                 ("娑堟伅鎺ユ敹澶辮觸錛侀敊璇唬鐮佹槸%d錛岄敊璇俊鎭槸'%s'/n",  
  25.                  errno, strerror(errno));  
  26.         close(new_fd);  
  27.         return -1;  
  28.     }  
  29.     /* 澶勭悊姣忎釜鏂拌繛鎺ヤ笂鐨勬暟鎹敹鍙戠粨鏉?nbsp;*/  
  30.     return len;  
  31. }  
  32. /************鍏充簬鏈枃妗?******************************************* 
  33. *filename: epoll-server.c 
  34. *purpose: 婕旂ずepoll澶勭悊嫻烽噺socket榪炴帴鐨勬柟娉?nbsp;
  35. *wrote by: zhoulifa(<a href="mailto:zhoulifa@163.com"& gt;zhoulifa@163.com</a>) 鍛ㄧ珛鍙?<a href="http: //zhoulifa.bokee.com">http://zhoulifa.bokee.com</a>) 
  36. Linux鐖卞ソ鑰?nbsp;Linux鐭ヨ瘑浼犳挱鑰?nbsp;SOHO鏃?nbsp;寮€鍙戣€?nbsp;鏈€鎿呴暱C璇█ 
  37. *date time:2007-01-31 21:00 
  38. *Note: 浠諱綍浜哄彲浠ヤ換鎰忓鍒朵唬鐮佸茍榪愮敤榪欎簺鏂囨。錛屽綋鐒跺寘鎷綘鐨勫晢涓氱敤閫?nbsp;
  39. * 浣嗚閬靛驚GPL 
  40. *Thanks to:Google 
  41. *Hope:甯屾湜瓚婃潵瓚婂鐨勪漢璐$尞鑷繁鐨勫姏閲忥紝涓虹瀛︽妧鏈彂灞曞嚭鍔?nbsp;
  42. * 縐戞妧绔欏湪宸ㄤ漢鐨勮偐鑶€涓婅繘姝ユ洿蹇紒鎰熻阿鏈夊紑婧愬墠杈堢殑璐$尞錛?nbsp;
  43. *********************************************************************/  
  44. int main(int argc, char **argv)  
  45. {  
  46.     int listener, new_fd, kdpfd, nfds, n, ret, curfds;  
  47.     socklen_t len;  
  48.     struct sockaddr_in my_addr, their_addr;  
  49.     unsigned int myport, lisnum;  
  50.     struct epoll_event ev;  
  51.     struct epoll_event events[MAXEPOLLSIZE];  
  52.     struct rlimit rt;  
  53.  myport = 5000;  
  54.  lisnum = 2;   
  55.       
  56.  /* 璁劇疆姣忎釜榪涚▼鍏佽鎵撳紑鐨勬渶澶ф枃浠舵暟 */  
  57.     rt.rlim_max = rt.rlim_cur = MAXEPOLLSIZE;  
  58.     if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rt) == -1)   
  59.  {  
  60.         perror("setrlimit");  
  61.         exit(1);  
  62.     }  
  63.     else   
  64.     {  
  65.         printf("璁劇疆緋葷粺璧勬簮鍙傛暟鎴愬姛錛?n");  
  66.     }  
  1.     /* 寮€鍚?nbsp;socket 鐩戝惉 */  
  2.     if ((listener = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)  
  3.     {  
  4.         perror("socket");  
  5.         exit(1);  
  6.     }  
  7.     else  
  8.     {  
  9.         printf("socket 鍒涘緩鎴愬姛錛?n");  
  10.  }  
  11.    
  12.     setnonblocking(listener);  
  1.     bzero(&my_addr, sizeof(my_addr));  
  2.     my_addr.sin_family = PF_INET;  
  3.     my_addr.sin_port = htons(myport);  
  4.     my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;  
  1.     if (bind(listener, (struct sockaddr *) &my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1)   
  2.     {  
  3.         perror("bind");  
  4.         exit(1);  
  5.     }   
  6.     else  
  7.     {  
  8.         printf("IP 鍦板潃鍜岀鍙g粦瀹氭垚鍔?n");  
  9.  }  
  10.     if (listen(listener, lisnum) == -1)   
  11.     {  
  12.         perror("listen");  
  13.         exit(1);  
  14.     }  
  15.     else  
  16.     {  
  17.         printf("寮€鍚湇鍔℃垚鍔燂紒/n");  
  18.  }  
  19.       
  20.  /* 鍒涘緩 epoll 鍙ユ焺錛屾妸鐩戝惉 socket 鍔犲叆鍒?nbsp;epoll 闆嗗悎閲?nbsp;*/  
  21.     kdpfd = epoll_create(MAXEPOLLSIZE);  
  22.     len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);  
  23.     ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;  
  24.     ev.data.fd = listener;  
  25.     if (epoll_ctl(kdpfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, listener, &ev) < 0)   
  26.  {  
  27.         fprintf(stderr, "epoll set insertion error: fd=%d/n", listener);  
  28.         return -1;  
  29.     }  
  30.  else  
  31.     {  
  32.   printf("鐩戝惉 socket 鍔犲叆 epoll 鎴愬姛錛?n");  
  33.  }  
  34.     curfds = 1;  
  35.     while (1)   
  36.  {  
  37.         /* 絳夊緟鏈変簨浠跺彂鐢?nbsp;*/  
  38.         nfds = epoll_wait(kdpfd, events, curfds, -1);  
  39.         if (nfds == -1)  
  40.   {  
  41.             perror("epoll_wait");  
  42.             break;  
  43.         }  
  44.         /* 澶勭悊鎵€鏈変簨浠?nbsp;*/  
  45.         for (n = 0; n < nfds; ++n)  
  46.   {  
  47.             if (events[n].data.fd == listener)   
  48.    {  
  49.                 new_fd = accept(listener, (struct sockaddr *) &their_addr,&len);  
  50.                 if (new_fd < 0)   
  51.     {  
  52.                     perror("accept");  
  53.                     continue;  
  54.                 }   
  55.     else  
  56.     {  
  57.      printf("鏈夎繛鎺ユ潵鑷簬錛?nbsp;%d:%d錛?nbsp;鍒嗛厤鐨?nbsp;socket 涓?%d/n",  
  58.                              inet_ntoa(their_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(their_addr.sin_port), new_fd);  
  59.     }  
  60.                 setnonblocking(new_fd);  
  61.                 ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;  
  62.                 ev.data.fd = new_fd;  
  63.                 if (epoll_ctl(kdpfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, new_fd, &ev) < 0)  
  64.     {  
  65.                     fprintf(stderr, "鎶?nbsp;socket '%d' 鍔犲叆 epoll 澶辮觸錛?s/n",  
  66.                             new_fd, strerror(errno));  
  67.                     return -1;  
  68.                 }  
  69.                 curfds++;  
  70.             }   
  71.    else  
  72.    {  
  73.                 ret = handle_message(events[n].data.fd);  
  74.                 if (ret < 1 && errno != 11)  
  75.     {  
  76.                     epoll_ctl(kdpfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, events[n].data.fd,&ev);  
  77.                     curfds--;  
  78.                 }  
  79.             }  
  80.         }  
  81.     }  
  82.     close(listener);  
  83.     return 0;  
  84. }  

 epoll_wait 榪愯鐨勫師鐞嗘槸 絳変緧娉ㄥ唽鍦╡pfd涓婄殑socket fd鐨勪簨浠剁殑鍙戠敓錛屽鏋滃彂鐢熷垯灝嗗彂鐢熺殑sokct fd鍜屼簨浠剁被鍨嬫斁鍏ュ埌events鏁扮粍涓€? 騫朵笖灝嗘敞鍐屽湪epfd涓婄殑socket fd鐨勪簨浠剁被鍨嬬粰娓呯┖錛屾墍浠ュ鏋滀笅涓€涓驚鐜綘榪樿鍏蟲敞榪欎釜socket fd鐨勮瘽錛屽垯闇€瑕佺敤epoll_ctl(epfd,EPOLL_CTL_MOD,listenfd,&ev)鏉ラ噸鏂拌緗畇ocket fd鐨勪簨浠剁被鍨嬨€傝繖鏃朵笉鐢‥POLL_CTL_ADD,鍥犱負socket fd騫舵湭娓呯┖錛屽彧鏄簨浠剁被鍨嬫竻絀恒€傝繖涓€姝ラ潪甯擱噸瑕併€?nbsp;



goto 2012-02-02 09:10 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
Linux涓嬪彲浠ユ浛鎹㈣繍琛屼腑鐨勭▼搴忎箞http://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/articles/365359.htmlgotogotoFri, 02 Dec 2011 03:08:00 GMThttp://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/articles/365359.htmlhttp://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/comments/365359.htmlhttp://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/articles/365359.html#Feedback0http://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/comments/commentRss/365359.htmlhttp://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/services/trackbacks/365359.html

杞細

http://blog.csdn.net/zhangxinrun/article/details/5591246

浠婂ぉ琚湅鍙嬮棶鍙?#8220;Linux涓嬪彲浠ユ浛鎹㈣繍琛屼腑鐨勭▼搴忎箞錛?#8221;錛屼互鍓嶄緷紼€璁板緱Linux涓嬫槸鍙互鐨勶紙鑰學indows灝變笉璁╋級錛屼簬鏄殢鍙g瓟閬?#8220;OK”銆傜粨鏋滄湅鍙嬪彂鏉ヤ竴涓墽琛岀粨鏋滐細錛坱est姝e湪榪愯涓級

# cp test2 test
cp: cannot create regular file `test': Text file busy

鐪嬭搗鏉ユ槸紼嬪簭琚崰鐢紝鏃犳硶瑕嗙洊銆備簬鏄嚜宸卞張鍐嶅仛浜嗗嚑涓疄楠岋細

錛?錛夊厛rm鍒犻櫎姝e湪榪愯鐨則est錛岀劧鍚巆p test2 test灝辨病鏈夐敊璇簡銆?br />錛?錛夊厛mv鏀瑰悕姝e湪榪愯鐨則est錛岀劧鍚巆p test2 test涔熸病鏈夐棶棰樸€?/p>

鏌ヤ簡鏌ヨ祫鏂欏茍鍔ㄦ墜鍒嗘瀽浜嗕竴涓嬶紝鎵懼埌浜嗘瘮杈冩弧鎰忕殑瑙i噴銆俢p騫朵笉鏀瑰彉鐩爣鏂囦歡鐨刬node錛屼簨瀹炰笂瀹冪殑瀹炵幇鏄繖鏍風殑錛?/p>

# strace cp test2 test  2>&1 | grep open.*test
open("test2", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE)     = 3
open("test", O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE) = 4

鎴戝師浠ヤ負cp鐨勫疄鐜版槸“rm + open(O_CREAT)”錛屼笉榪囩幇鍦ㄦ兂鎯充笂闈㈢殑瀹炵幇鏂瑰紡鎵嶆槸鏈€鍙潬鐨勶紙淇濊瘉浜嗘椂搴忓畨鍏ㄥ拰鐩爣鏂囦歡鐨勫睘鎬э級銆傝繖涔熷彲浠ヨВ閲婁負浠€涔坈p鐨勭洰鏍囨枃浠朵細緇ф壙琚鐩栨枃浠剁殑灞炴€ц€岄潪婧愭枃浠躲€?/p>

Linux 鐢變簬Demand Paging鏈哄埗鐨勫叧緋伙紝蹇呴』紜繚姝e湪榪愯涓殑紼嬪簭闀滃儚錛堟敞鎰忥紝騫墮潪鏂囦歡鏈韓錛変笉琚剰澶栦慨鏀癸紝鍥犳鍐呮牳鍦ㄥ惎鍔ㄧ▼搴忓悗浼氶攣瀹氳繖涓▼搴忛暅鍍忕殑inode銆傝繖灝? 鏄負浠€涔坈p鍦ㄧ敤“O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC”妯″紡open鐩爣鏂囦歡鏃朵細澶辮觸銆傝€屽厛rm鍐峜p鐨勮瘽錛屾柊鏂囦歡鐨刬node鍏跺疄宸茬粡鏀瑰彉浜嗭紝鍘? inode騫舵病鏈夎鐪熸鍒犻櫎錛岀洿鍒板唴鏍擱噴鏀懼瀹冪殑寮曠敤銆傚悓鐞嗭紝mv鍙槸鏀瑰彉浜嗘枃浠跺悕錛屽叾inode涓嶅彉錛屾柊鏂囦歡浣跨敤浜嗘柊鐨刬node銆?/span>

闂鍒拌繖閲屽凡緇忔按钀界煶鍑猴紝涓嶈繃鍒ㄦ牴絀跺簳鐨勪釜鎬ч┍浣挎垜鍐嶅仛浜嗕互涓嬩竴緇勫疄楠岋紝娌℃兂鍒扮粨鏋滃畬鍏ㄥ嚭涔庢垜鎰忔枡涔嬪錛?/p>

鍐欎簡涓€涓畝鍗曠殑嫻嬭瘯紼嬪簭錛?/p>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
foo();  // An export function by libtest.so.
sleep(1000);
return 0;
}

foo()鏄彟涓€涓祴璇曞姩鎬佸簱libtest.so鐨勫鍑烘帴鍙o紝鍙墦鍗頒竴琛屾彁紺哄氨榪斿洖銆傛帴涓嬫潵鎴戞妸涓婇潰瀵規墽琛屾枃浠剁殑嫻嬭瘯鐢ㄤ緥瀵瑰姩鎬佸簱鍙堝仛浜嗕竴閬嶏細

錛?錛塩p libtest2.so libtest.so鍙互鐩存帴瑕嗙洊宸插姞杞界殑鍔ㄦ€佸簱銆?br />錛?錛夊厛rm鍒犻櫎宸插姞杞界殑libtest.so錛岀劧鍚巆p libtest2.so libtest.so鎴愬姛銆?br />錛?錛夊厛mv鏀瑰悕宸插姞杞界殑libtest.so錛岀劧鍚巆p libtest2.so libtest.so鎴愬姛銆?/p>

闄や簡絎竴涓敤渚嬪錛岀粨鏋滅浉鍚屻€傝繖鏍風湅鏉ワ紝鍔ㄦ€佸簱琚姞杞芥椂闅鵑亾ld騫舵病鏈夐攣瀹歩node錛熶笉榪囨兂鎯充篃鍙互瀹芥仌錛屾瘯绔焞d涔熸槸鐢ㄦ埛鎬佺▼搴忥紝娌℃湁鏉冨埄鍘婚攣瀹歩node錛屼篃涓嶅簲涓庡唴鏍哥殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺搴曞眰瀹炵幇鑰﹀悎銆?/p>

鍒拌繖閲岄兘榪樼畻鍦ㄦ儏鐞嗕箣涓紝鐪嬭搗鏉inux涔熼兘澶勭悊鐨勫緢濂姐€備笉榪囪繕鍓╀笅涓€涓棶棰橈細鍔ㄦ€佸簱琚互cp鐨勬柟寮忚鐩栧悗闅鵑亾涓嶄細鍜孌emand Paging鏈哄埗浜х敓鍐茬獊錛?/p>

鍦ㄦ€濊€冭繖涓棶棰樼殑榪囩▼涓紝鎴戞剰璇嗗埌鍓嶉潰榪欎釜嫻嬭瘯紼嬪簭鐨勪竴涓嚧鍛芥紡媧烇紝紼嶄綔淇敼濡備笅錛?/p>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
loop:
foo();  // An export function by libtest.so.
sleep(1);
goto loop;
return 0;
}

榪?嬈★紝鍐嶆墽琛屼笂闈㈢殑涓変釜鐢ㄤ緥鍚庡彂鐜幫紝“cp libtest2.so libtest.so”铏界劧浠嶅彲鐩存帴瑕嗙洊宸插姞杞界殑鍔ㄦ€佸簱錛屼絾鏄祴璇曠▼搴忛┈涓婂嚭鐜頒簡“Segmentation fault”銆傝€屽悗涓や釜鐢ㄤ緥緇撴灉涓嶅彉銆傜敱姝ゅ彲瑙侊紝鎯寵瀹夊叏鐨勬浛鎹㈠凡鍔犺澆鐨勫姩鎬佸簱錛岃繕鏄敤“絎ㄦ嫏”鐨?#8220;rm + cp”鍚э紝鐪嬩技鎹峰緞鐨?#8220;cp瑕嗙洊”浼氱洿鎺ヨ懍閫佹帀浣犵殑紼嬪簭……

鐪嬫潵錛屾垜鍐嶄竴嬈′綆浼頒簡Linux鐨勫仴澹€э紝鐪嬩技絎﹀悎閫昏緫鐨勬祦紼嬩篃鍙兘浼氬甫鏉ョ伨 闅炬€х殑鍚庢灉錛?#8220;rm & cp”涓?#8220;cp瑕嗙洊”鑳屽悗鎵€闅愯棌鐨勫簳灞傚樊寮傚嵈鍙互鎴愪負浣犵殑鏁戞槦銆侺inux鐢ㄥ緱瓚婁箙瓚婃槸璁╀漢瑙夊緱榪欐槸涓€鍧楀厖婊′簡鑽嗘鍜岄櫡闃辯殑鍘熷涓涙灄錛屽彧鏈夋姝ヤ負钀ュ疄韙忓墠 琛屾墠鑳借蛋鐨勬洿榪溿€?/p>

娉細浠ヤ笂瀹為獙鍩轟簬SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 9 SP1錛圠inux 2.6.5 & glibc 2.3.3錛夈€?/p>




goto 2011-12-02 11:08 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
linux ftp闄愬埗鐧婚檰鍚庡垏鎹㈢洰褰?/title><link>http://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/articles/313905.html</link><dc:creator>goto</dc:creator><author>goto</author><pubDate>Thu, 25 Feb 2010 08:46:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/articles/313905.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/comments/313905.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/articles/313905.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/comments/commentRss/313905.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/services/trackbacks/313905.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[2) 鍚姩 <br /> #service vsftpd start 鍚姩 <br /> <br /> #service vsftpd stop 鍋滄 <br /> <br /> #service vsftpd restart 閲嶅惎 <br /> 3) 閰嶇疆 <br /> <br />    涓婚厤緗枃浠?/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf <br /> <br /> 鐢ㄦ埛鎺у埗鏂囦歡 /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers <br /> <br /> <br /> 瀹為獙涓€銆佽緗瓹hroot鈥斺€旂敤鎴蜂笉鑳藉垏鎹㈢洰褰? <br /> <br /> 鍥犱負榛樿鎯呭喌涓嬫槸鍙互鍒囨崲鐩綍鐨勶紝鎵€浠ユ槸寰堜笉瀹夊叏鐨勩€傘€? <br /> <br /> 1銆侀檺鍒舵墍鏈夌敤鎴蜂笉鑳藉垏鎹㈢洰褰? <br /> <br /> chroot_local_user=YES <br /> <span style="background-color: yellow;"><br /> <strong>2銆佽緗寚瀹氱殑鐢ㄦ埛涓嶈兘鍒囨崲鐩綍 </strong><br /> </span><br /> chroot_local_user=NO <br /> <br /> chroot_list_enable=YES <br /> <br /> chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list <br /> <br /> 瀹為獙浜屻€佺敤Vsftp.user_list璁塊棶鎺у埗 <br /> <br /> 鍒╃敤/etc/vsftpd.user_list <br /> <br /> A銆佽緗湪/etc/vsftpd.user_list鏂囦歡涓敤鎴蜂笉鑳借闂紝鍏跺畠鐢ㄦ埛鍙互璁塊棶 <br /> <br /> userlist_enable=YES <br /> <br /> userlist_deny=YES <br /> <br /> <br /> userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.user_list <br /> <br /> B銆佽緗湪/etc/vsftpd.user_list鏂囦歡涓殑鐢ㄦ埛鑳借闂浗錛屽叾瀹冪敤鎴蜂笉鍙互璁塊棶銆? <br /> <br /> userlist_enable=YES <br /> <br /> userlist_deny=NO <br /> <br /> userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd.user_list <br /> <br /> <strong>闃叉鐢ㄦ埛鐢╯sh telnet絳夌櫥闄?/strong><br /> <br /> vi /etc/passwd<br /> ydzf:x:501:501::/home/ydzf:/bin/false<br /> <br /> 鍐嶄慨鏀?etc/shells鏂囦歡錛屽皢/bin/false榪欎釜鏂囦歡鍔犺繘鍘? <img src ="http://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/aggbug/313905.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/" target="_blank">goto</a> 2010-02-25 16:46 <a href="http://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/articles/313905.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">鍙戣〃璇勮</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>linux涓嬪繀瀛︾殑60涓懡浠?杞?http://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/articles/237035.htmlgotogotoTue, 28 Oct 2008 02:50:00 GMThttp://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/articles/237035.htmlhttp://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/comments/237035.htmlhttp://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/articles/237035.html#Feedback0http://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/comments/commentRss/237035.htmlhttp://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/services/trackbacks/237035.html Linux鎻愪緵浜嗗ぇ閲忕殑鍛戒護錛屽埄鐢ㄥ畠鍙互鏈夋晥鍦板畬鎴愬ぇ閲忕殑宸?br /> 浣滐紝濡傜鐩樻搷浣溿€佹枃浠跺瓨鍙栥€佺洰褰曟搷浣溿€佽繘紼嬬鐞嗐€佹枃浠舵潈闄愯瀹氱瓑銆傛墍浠ワ紝鍦↙inux緋葷粺涓婂伐浣滅涓嶅紑浣跨敤緋葷粺鎻愪緵鐨勫懡浠ゃ€傝鎯崇湡姝g悊瑙inux緋葷粺錛?br /> 灝卞繀欏諱粠Linux鍛戒護瀛﹁搗錛岄€氳繃鍩虹鐨勫懡浠ゅ涔犲彲浠ヨ繘涓€姝ョ悊瑙inux緋葷粺銆?br /> 涓嶅悓Linux鍙戣鐗堢殑鍛戒護鏁伴噺涓嶄竴鏍鳳紝浣哃inux鍙戣鐗堟湰鏈€灝戠殑鍛戒護涔熸湁200澶氫釜銆傝繖閲岀瑪鑰呮妸姣旇緝閲嶈鍜屼嬌鐢ㄩ鐜囨渶澶氱殑鍛戒護錛屾寜鐓у畠浠湪緋葷粺涓殑浣滅敤鍒嗘垚涓嬮潰鍏釜閮ㄥ垎涓€涓€浠嬬粛銆?/span>
鈼?瀹夎鍜岀櫥褰曞懡浠わ細login銆乻hutdown銆乭alt銆乺eboot銆乮nstall銆乵ount銆乽mount銆乧hsh銆乪xit銆乴ast錛?br /> 鈼?鏂囦歡澶勭悊鍛戒護錛?/span>file銆乵kdir銆乬rep銆乨d銆乫ind銆乵v銆乴s銆乨iff銆乧at銆乴n錛?br /> 鈼?緋葷粺綆$悊鐩稿叧鍛戒護錛?/span>df銆乼op銆乫ree銆乹uota銆乤t銆乴p銆乤dduser銆乬roupadd銆乲ill銆乧rontab錛?br /> 鈼?緗戠粶鎿嶄綔鍛戒護錛?/span>ifconfig銆乮p銆乸ing銆乶etstat銆乼elnet銆乫tp銆乺oute銆乺login銆乺cp銆乫inger銆乵ail銆?nslookup錛?br /> 鈼?緋葷粺瀹夊叏鐩稿叧鍛戒護錛?/span>passwd銆乻u銆乽mask銆乧hgrp銆乧hmod銆乧hown銆乧hattr銆乻udo ps銆亀ho錛?br /> 鈼?鍏跺畠鍛戒護錛?/span>tar銆乽nzip銆乬unzip銆乽narj銆乵tools銆乵an銆乽nendcode銆乽udecode銆?br /> 鏈枃浠andrake Linux 9.1(Kenrel 2.4.21)涓轟緥錛屼粙緇峀inux涓嬬殑瀹夎鍜岀櫥褰曞懡浠ゃ€?/span>
immortality鎸夛細璇風敤ctrl+f鍦ㄦ湰欏典腑鏌ユ壘鏌愪竴閮ㄥ垎鐨勫唴瀹規垨鏌愪竴鍛戒護鐨勭敤娉曘€?/span>
Linux蹇呭鐨?0涓懡浠?1)-瀹夎涓庣櫥闄嗗懡浠?/strong>
login
1.浣滅敤
login鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸鐧誨綍緋葷粺錛屽畠鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵€鏈夌敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
login [name][錛峱 ][錛峢 涓繪満鍚嶇О]
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峱:閫氱煡login淇濇寔鐜板湪鐨勭幆澧冨弬鏁般€?br /> 錛峢:鐢ㄦ潵鍚戣繙紼嬬櫥褰曠殑涔嬮棿浼犺緭鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶃€?br /> 濡傛灉閫夋嫨鐢ㄥ懡浠よ妯″紡鐧誨綍Linux鐨勮瘽錛岄偅涔堢湅鍒扮殑絎竴涓狶inux鍛戒護灝辨槸login錛氥€?br /> 涓€鑸晫闈㈡槸榪欐牱鐨勶細
Manddrake Linux release 9.1(Bamboo) for i586
renrel 2.4.21錛?.13mdk on i686 / tty1
localhost login:root
password:
涓婇潰浠g爜涓紝絎竴琛屾槸Linux鍙戣鐗堟湰鍙鳳紝絎簩琛屾槸鍐呮牳鐗堟湰鍙峰拰鐧誨綍鐨勮櫄鎷熸帶鍒跺彴錛屾垜浠湪絎笁琛岃緭鍏ョ櫥褰曞悕錛屾寜“Enter”閿湪Password鍚庤緭鍏ヨ處鎴峰瘑鐮侊紝鍗沖彲鐧誨綍緋葷粺銆傚嚭浜庡畨鍏ㄨ€冭檻錛岃緭鍏ヨ處鎴峰瘑鐮佹椂瀛楃涓嶄細鍦ㄥ睆騫曚笂鍥炴樉錛屽厜鏍囦篃涓嶇Щ鍔ㄣ€?br /> 鐧誨綍鍚庝細鐪嬪埌涓嬮潰榪欎釜鐣岄潰錛堜互瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛涓轟緥錛夛細
[root@localhost root]#
last login:Tue ,Nov 18 10:00:55 on vc/1
涓婇潰鏄劇ず鐨勬槸鐧誨綍鏄熸湡銆佹湀銆佹棩銆佹椂闂村拰浣跨敤鐨勮櫄鎷熸帶鍒跺彴銆?br /> 4.搴旂敤鎶€宸?br /> Linux
鏄竴涓湡姝g殑澶氱敤鎴鋒搷浣滅郴緇燂紝鍙互鍚屾椂鎺ュ彈澶氫釜鐢ㄦ埛鐧誨綍錛岃繕鍏佽涓€涓敤鎴瘋繘琛屽嬈$櫥褰曘€傝繖鏄洜涓篖inux鍜岃澶氱増鏈殑Unix涓€鏍鳳紝鎻愪緵浜嗚櫄鎷熸帶鍒跺彴鐨?br /> 璁塊棶鏂瑰紡錛屽厑璁哥敤鎴峰湪鍚屼竴鏃墮棿浠庢帶鍒跺彴錛堢郴緇熺殑鎺у埗鍙版槸涓庣郴緇熺洿鎺ョ浉榪炵殑鐩戣鍣ㄥ拰閿洏錛夎繘琛屽嬈$櫥褰曘€傛瘡涓櫄鎷熸帶鍒跺彴鍙互鐪嬩綔鏄竴涓嫭绔嬬殑宸ヤ綔绔欙紝宸ヤ綔鍙?br /> 涔嬮棿鍙互鍒囨崲銆傝櫄鎷熸帶鍒跺彴鐨勫垏鎹㈠彲浠ラ€氳繃鎸変笅Alt閿拰涓€涓姛鑳介敭鏉ュ疄鐜幫紝閫氬父浣跨敤F1-F6 銆?br /> 渚嬪錛岀敤鎴風櫥褰曞悗錛屾寜涓€涓?#8220;Alt+
F2”閿紝鐢ㄦ埛灝卞彲浠ョ湅鍒頒笂闈㈠嚭鐜扮殑“login:”鎻愮ず絎︼紝璇存槑鐢ㄦ埛鐪嬪埌浜嗙浜屼釜铏氭嫙鎺у埗鍙般€傜劧鍚庡彧闇€鎸?#8220;Alt+
F1”閿紝灝卞彲浠ュ洖鍒扮涓€涓櫄鎷熸帶鍒跺彴銆備竴涓柊瀹夎鐨凩inux緋葷粺鍏佽鐢ㄦ埛浣跨敤“Alt+F1”鍒?#8220;Alt+F6”閿潵璁塊棶鍓嶅叚涓櫄鎷熸帶鍒跺彴銆傝櫄鎷熸帶鍒?br /> 鍙版渶鏈夌敤鐨勬槸錛屽綋涓€涓▼搴忓嚭閿欓€犳垚緋葷粺姝婚攣鏃訛紝鍙互鍒囨崲鍒板叾瀹冭櫄鎷熸帶鍒跺彴宸ヤ綔錛屽叧闂繖涓▼搴忋€?br /> shutdown
1.浣滅敤
shutdown鍛戒護鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸鍏抽棴璁$畻鏈猴紝瀹冪殑浣跨敤鏉冮檺鏄秴綰х敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
shutdown [錛峢][錛峣][錛峩][錛峬][錛峵]
3.閲嶈鍙傛暟
錛峵錛氬湪鏀瑰彉鍒板叾瀹冭繍琛岀駭鍒箣鍓嶏紝鍛婅瘔init紼嬪簭澶氫箙浠ュ悗鍏蟲満銆?br /> 錛峩錛氬茍涓嶇湡姝e叧鏈猴紝鍙槸閫佽鍛婁俊鍙風粰姣忎綅鐧誨綍鑰呫€?br /> 錛峢錛氬叧鏈哄悗鍏抽棴鐢墊簮銆?br /> 錛峜錛歝ancel current process鍙栨秷鐩墠姝e湪鎵ц鐨勫叧鏈虹▼搴忋€傛墍浠ヨ繖涓€夐」褰撶劧娌℃湁鏃墮棿鍙傛暟錛屼絾鏄彲浠ヨ緭鍏ヤ竴涓敤鏉ヨВ閲婄殑璁伅錛岃€岃繖淇℃伅灝嗕細閫佸埌姣忎綅浣跨敤鑰呫€?br /> 錛岶錛氬湪閲嶅惎璁$畻鏈烘椂寮鴻揩fsck銆?br /> 錛峵ime錛氳瀹氬叧鏈哄墠鐨勬椂闂淬€?br /> 錛峬: 灝嗙郴緇熸敼涓哄崟鐢ㄦ埛妯″紡銆?br /> 錛峣錛氬叧鏈烘椂鏄劇ず緋葷粺淇℃伅銆?br /> 4.鍛戒護璇存槑
shutdown
鍛戒護鍙互瀹夊叏鍦板皢緋葷粺鍏蟲満銆傛湁浜涚敤鎴蜂細浣跨敤鐩存帴鏂帀鐢墊簮鐨勬柟寮忔潵鍏抽棴Linux緋葷粺錛岃繖鏄崄鍒嗗嵄闄╃殑銆傚洜涓篖inux涓嶹indows涓嶅悓錛屽叾鍚庡彴榪愯鐫€
璁稿榪涚▼錛屾墍浠ュ己鍒跺叧鏈哄彲鑳戒細瀵艱嚧榪涚▼鐨勬暟鎹涪澶憋紝浣跨郴緇熷浜庝笉紼沖畾鐨勭姸鎬侊紝鐢氳嚦鍦ㄦ湁鐨勭郴緇熶腑浼氭崯鍧忕‖浠惰澶囷紙紜洏錛夈€傚湪緋葷粺鍏蟲満鍓嶄嬌鐢?br /> shutdown鍛戒護錛岀郴緇熺鐞嗗憳浼氶€氱煡鎵€鏈夌櫥褰曠殑鐢ㄦ埛緋葷粺灝嗚鍏抽棴錛屽茍涓攍ogin鎸囦護浼氳鍐葷粨錛屽嵆鏂扮殑鐢ㄦ埛涓嶈兘鍐嶇櫥褰曘€?br /> halt
1.浣滅敤
halt鍛戒護鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸鍏抽棴緋葷粺錛屽畠鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛銆?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
halt [錛峮] [錛峸] [錛峝] [錛峟] [錛峣] [錛峱]
3.涓昏鍙傛暟璇存槑
錛峮錛氶槻姝ync緋葷粺璋冪敤錛屽畠鐢ㄥ湪鐢╢sck淇ˉ鏍瑰垎鍖轟箣鍚庯紝浠ラ樆姝㈠唴鏍哥敤鑰佺増鏈殑瓚呯駭鍧楄鐩栦慨琛ヨ繃鐨勮秴綰у潡銆?br /> 錛峸錛氬茍涓嶆槸鐪熸鐨勯噸鍚垨鍏蟲満,鍙槸鍐檞tmp錛?var/log/wtmp錛夌邯褰曘€?br /> 錛峟錛氭病鏈夎皟鐢╯hutdown錛岃€屽己鍒跺叧鏈烘垨閲嶅惎銆?br /> 錛峣錛氬叧鏈猴紙鎴栭噸鍚級鍓嶏紝鍏蟲帀鎵€鏈夌殑緗戠粶鎺ュ彛銆?br /> 錛峟錛氬己榪叧鏈猴紝涓嶅懠鍙玸hutdown榪欎釜鎸囦護銆?br /> 錛峱: 褰撳叧鏈虹殑鏃跺€欓『渚垮仛鍏抽棴鐢墊簮鐨勫姩浣溿€?br /> 錛峝錛氬叧闂郴緇燂紝浣嗕笉鐣欎笅綰綍銆傘€€
4.鍛戒護璇存槑
halt
灝辨槸璋冪敤shutdown
錛峢銆俬alt鎵ц鏃訛紝鏉€姝誨簲鐢ㄨ繘紼嬶紝鎵цsync(灝嗗瓨浜巄uffer涓殑璧勬枡寮哄埗鍐欏叆紜洏涓?緋葷粺璋冪敤錛屾枃浠剁郴緇熷啓鎿嶄綔瀹屾垚鍚庡氨浼氬仠姝㈠唴鏍搞€傝嫢緋葷粺鐨?br /> 榪愯綰у埆涓?鎴?錛屽垯鍏抽棴緋葷粺錛涘惁鍒欎互shutdown鎸囦護錛堝姞涓婏紞h鍙傛暟錛夋潵鍙栦唬銆傘€€
reboot
1.浣滅敤
reboot鍛戒護鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸閲嶆柊鍚姩璁$畻鏈猴紝瀹冪殑浣跨敤鏉冮檺鏄郴緇熺鐞嗚€呫€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
reboot [錛峮] [錛峸] [錛峝] [錛峟] [錛峣]
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峮: 鍦ㄩ噸寮€鏈哄墠涓嶅仛灝嗚蹇嗕綋璧勬枡鍐欏洖紜洏鐨勫姩浣溿€?br /> 錛峸: 騫朵笉浼氱湡鐨勯噸寮€鏈猴紝鍙槸鎶婅褰曞啓鍒?var/log/wtmp鏂囦歡閲屻€?br /> 錛峝: 涓嶆妸璁板綍鍐欏埌/var/log/wtmp鏂囦歡閲岋紙錛峮榪欎釜鍙傛暟鍖呭惈浜嗭紞d錛夈€?br /> 錛峣: 鍦ㄩ噸寮€鏈轟箣鍓嶅厛鎶婃墍鏈変笌緗戠粶鐩稿叧鐨勮緗仠姝€€?br /> install
1.浣滅敤
install鍛戒護鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸瀹夎鎴栧崌綰ц蔣浠舵垨澶囦喚鏁版嵁錛屽畠鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵€鏈夌敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
(1)install [閫夐」]... 鏉ユ簮 鐩殑鍦?br /> (2)install [閫夐」]... 鏉ユ簮... 鐩綍
(3)install 錛峝 [閫夐」]... 鐩綍...
鍦?br /> 鍓嶄袱縐嶆牸寮忎腑錛屼細灝嗗鍒惰嚦鎴栧皢澶氫釜鏂囦歡澶嶅埗鑷沖凡瀛樺湪鐨勶紝鍚屾椂璁懼畾鏉?br /> 闄愭ā寮忓強鎵€鏈夎€?鎵€灞炵粍銆傚湪絎笁縐嶆牸寮忎腑錛屼細鍒涘緩鎵€鏈夋寚瀹氱殑鐩綍鍙婂畠浠殑涓葷洰褰曘€傞暱閫夐」蹇呴』鐢ㄧ殑鍙傛暟鍦ㄤ嬌鐢ㄧ煭閫夐」鏃朵篃鏄繀欏葷殑銆?br /> 3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛嶏紞backup[=CONTROL]錛氫負姣忎釜宸插瓨鍦ㄧ殑鐩殑鍦版枃浠惰繘琛屽浠姐€?br /> 錛峛錛氱被浼?錛嶏紞backup錛屼絾涓嶆帴鍙椾換浣曞弬鏁般€?br /> 錛峜錛?姝ら€夐」涓嶄綔澶勭悊)銆?br /> 錛峝錛岋紞錛峝irectory錛氭墍鏈夊弬鏁伴兘浣滀負鐩綍澶勭悊錛岃€屼笖浼氬垱寤烘寚瀹氱洰褰曠殑鎵€鏈変富鐩綍銆?br /> 錛岲錛氬垱寤哄墠鐨勬墍鏈変富鐩綍錛岀劧鍚庡皢澶嶅埗鑷?錛涘湪絎竴縐嶄嬌鐢ㄦ牸寮忎腑鏈夌敤銆?br /> 錛峠錛岋紞錛峠roup=緇勶細鑷璁懼畾鎵€灞炵粍錛岃€屼笉鏄繘紼嬬洰鍓嶇殑鎵€灞炵粍銆?br /> 錛峬錛岋紞錛峬ode=妯″紡錛氳嚜琛岃瀹氭潈闄愭ā寮?(鍍廲hmod)錛岃€屼笉鏄痳wxr錛峹r錛峹銆?br /> 錛峯錛岋紞錛峯wner=鎵€鏈夎€咃細鑷璁懼畾鎵€鏈夎€?(鍙€傜敤浜庤秴綰х敤鎴?銆?br /> 錛峱錛岋紞錛峱reserve錛峵imestamps錛氫互鏂囦歡鐨勮闂?淇敼鏃墮棿浣滀負鐩稿簲鐨勭洰鐨勫湴鏂囦歡鐨勬椂闂村睘鎬с€?br /> 錛峴錛岋紞錛峴trip錛氱敤strip鍛戒護鍒犻櫎symbol table錛屽彧閫傜敤浜庣涓€鍙婄浜岀浣跨敤鏍煎紡銆?br /> 錛峉錛岋紞錛峴uffix=鍚庣紑錛氳嚜琛屾寚瀹氬浠芥枃浠剁殑銆?br /> 錛峷錛岋紞錛峷erbose錛氬鐞嗘瘡涓枃浠?鐩綍鏃跺嵃鍑哄悕縐般€?br /> 錛嶏紞help錛氭樉紺烘甯姪淇℃伅騫剁寮€銆?br /> 錛嶏紞version錛氭樉紺虹増鏈俊鎭茍紱誨紑銆?br /> mount
1.浣滅敤
mount鍛戒護鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸鍔犺澆鏂囦歡緋葷粺錛屽畠鐨勭敤鏉冮檺鏄秴綰х敤鎴鋒垨/etc/fstab涓厑璁哥殑浣跨敤鑰呫€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
mount 錛峚 [錛峟v] [錛峵 vfstype] [錛峮] [錛峳w] [錛岶] device dir
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峢錛氭樉紺鴻緟鍔╀俊鎭€?br /> 錛峷錛氭樉紺轟俊鎭紝閫氬父鍜岋紞f鐢ㄦ潵闄ら敊銆?br /> 錛峚錛氬皢/etc/fstab涓畾涔夌殑鎵€鏈夋枃浠剁郴緇熸寕涓娿€?br /> 錛岶錛氳繖涓懡浠ら€氬父鍜岋紞a涓€璧蜂嬌鐢紝瀹冧細涓烘瘡涓€涓猰ount鐨勫姩浣滀駭鐢熶竴涓紼嬭礋璐f墽琛屻€傚湪緋葷粺闇€瑕佹寕涓婂ぇ閲廚FS鏂囦歡緋葷粺鏃跺彲浠ュ姞蹇姞杞界殑閫熷害銆?br /> 錛峟錛氶€氬父鐢ㄤ簬闄ら敊銆傚畠浼氫嬌mount涓嶆墽琛屽疄闄呮寕涓婄殑鍔ㄤ綔錛岃€屾槸妯℃嫙鏁翠釜鎸備笂鐨勮繃紼嬶紝閫氬父浼氬拰錛峷涓€璧蜂嬌鐢ㄣ€?br /> 錛峵 vfstype錛氭樉紺鴻鍔犺澆鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勭被鍨嬨€?br /> 錛峮錛氫竴鑸€岃█錛宮ount鎸備笂鍚庝細鍦?etc/mtab涓啓鍏ヤ竴絎旇祫鏂欙紝鍦ㄧ郴緇熶腑娌℃湁鍙啓鍏ユ枃浠剁郴緇熺殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鍙互鐢ㄨ繖涓€夐」鍙栨秷榪欎釜鍔ㄤ綔銆?br /> 4.搴旂敤鎶€宸?br /> 鍦↙inux
鍜孶nix緋葷粺涓婏紝鎵€鏈夋枃浠墮兘鏄綔涓轟竴涓ぇ鍨嬫爲錛堜互/涓烘牴錛夌殑涓€閮ㄥ垎璁塊棶鐨勩€傝璁塊棶CD-ROM涓婄殑鏂囦歡錛岄渶瑕佸皢CD-ROM璁懼鎸傝鍦ㄦ枃浠舵爲涓殑鏌愪釜鎸?br /> 瑁呯偣銆傚鏋滃彂琛岀増瀹夎浜嗚嚜鍔ㄦ寕瑁呭寘錛岄偅涔堣繖涓楠ゅ彲鑷姩榪涜銆傚湪Linux涓紝濡傛灉瑕佷嬌鐢ㄧ‖鐩樸€佸厜椹辯瓑鍌ㄥ瓨璁懼錛屽氨寰楀厛灝嗗畠鍔犺澆錛屽綋鍌ㄥ瓨璁懼鎸備笂浜嗕箣鍚庯紝
灝卞彲浠ユ妸瀹冨綋鎴愪竴涓洰褰曟潵璁塊棶銆傛寕涓婁竴涓澶囦嬌鐢╩ount鍛戒護銆傚湪浣跨敤mount榪欎釜鎸囦護鏃訛紝鑷沖皯瑕佸厛鐭ラ亾涓嬪垪涓夌淇℃伅錛氳鍔犺澆瀵硅薄鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇熺被鍨嬨€佽
鍔犺澆瀵硅薄鐨勮澶囧悕縐板強瑕佸皢璁懼鍔犺澆鍒板摢涓洰褰曚笅銆?br /> 錛?錛塋inux鍙互璇嗗埆鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇?br /> 鈼?Windows 95/98甯哥敤鐨凢AT 32鏂囦歡緋葷粺錛歷fat 錛?br /> 鈼?Win NT/2000 鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇燂細ntfs 錛?br /> 鈼?OS/2鐢ㄧ殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺錛歨pfs錛?br /> 鈼?Linux鐢ㄧ殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺錛歟xt2銆乪xt3錛?br /> 鈼?CD-ROM鍏夌洏鐢ㄧ殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺錛歩so9660銆?br /> 铏界劧vfat鏄寚FAT 32緋葷粺錛屼絾浜嬪疄涓婂畠涔熷吋瀹笷AT 16鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇熺被鍨嬨€?br /> 錛?錛夌‘瀹氳澶囩殑鍚嶇О
鍦↙inux
涓紝璁懼鍚嶇О閫氬父閮藉瓨鍦?dev閲屻€傝繖浜涜澶囧悕縐扮殑鍛藉悕閮芥槸鏈夎鍒欑殑錛屽彲浠ョ敤“鎺ㄧ悊”鐨勬柟寮忔妸璁懼鍚嶇О鎵懼嚭鏉ャ€備緥濡傦紝/dev/hda1榪欎釜
IDE璁懼錛宧d鏄疕ard Disk(紜洏)鐨勶紝sd鏄疭CSI Device錛宖d鏄疐loppy Device(鎴栨槸Floppy
Disk?)銆俛浠h〃絎竴涓澶囷紝閫氬父IDE鎺ュ彛鍙互鎺ヤ笂4涓狪DE璁懼(姣斿4鍧楃‖鐩?銆傛墍浠ヨ璇嗗埆IDE紜洏鐨勬柟娉曞垎鍒氨鏄痟da銆乭db銆乭dc銆?br /> hdd銆俬da1涓殑“1”浠h〃hda鐨勭涓€涓‖鐩樺垎鍖?br /> (partition)錛宧da2浠h〃hda鐨勭浜屼富鍒嗗尯錛岀涓€涓€昏緫鍒嗗尯浠巋da5寮€濮嬶紝渚濇綾繪帹銆傛澶栵紝鍙互鐩存帴媯€鏌?br /> /var/log/messages鏂囦歡錛屽湪璇ユ枃浠朵腑鍙互鎵懼埌璁$畻鏈哄紑鏈哄悗緋葷粺宸茶鯨璁ゅ嚭鏉ョ殑璁懼浠e彿銆?br /> 錛?錛夋煡鎵炬寕鎺ョ偣
鍦ㄥ喅
瀹氬皢璁懼鎸傛帴涔嬪墠錛屽厛瑕佹煡鐪嬩竴涓嬭綆楁満鏄笉鏄湁涓?mnt鐨勭┖鐩綍錛岃鐩綍灝辨槸涓撻棬鐢ㄦ潵褰撲綔鎸傝澆鐐?Mount
Point)鐨勭洰褰曘€傚緩璁湪/mnt閲屽緩鍑犱釜/mnt/cdrom銆?mnt/floppy銆?mnt/mo絳夌洰褰曪紝褰撲綔鐩綍鐨勪笓鐢ㄦ寕杞界偣銆備婦渚嬭€岃█錛屽
瑕佹寕杞戒笅鍒?涓澶囷紝鍏舵墽琛屾寚浠ゅ彲鑳藉涓?(鍋囪閮芥槸Linux鐨別xt2緋葷粺錛屽鏋滄槸Windows XX璇峰皢ext2鏀規垚vfat)錛?br /> 杞洏 ===>mount 錛峵 ext2 /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy
cdrom ===>mount 錛峵 iso9660 /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrom
SCSI cdrom ===>mount 錛峵 iso9660 /dev/sdb /mnt/scdrom
SCSI cdr ===>mount 錛峵 iso9660 /dev/sdc /mnt/scdr
涓嶈繃鐩墠澶у鏁拌緝鏂扮殑Linux鍙戣鐗堟湰錛堝寘鎷孩鏃?Linux銆佷腑杞疞inux銆丮andrake Linux絳夛級閮藉彲浠ヨ嚜鍔ㄦ寕瑁呮枃浠剁郴緇燂紝浣哛ed Hat Linux闄ゅ銆?br /> umount
1.浣滅敤
umount鍛戒護鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸鍗歌澆涓€涓枃浠剁郴緇燂紝瀹冪殑浣跨敤鏉冮檺鏄秴綰х敤鎴鋒垨/etc/fstab涓厑璁哥殑浣跨敤鑰呫€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
unmount 錛峚 [錛峟Fnrsvw] [錛峵 vfstype] [錛峮] [錛峳w] [錛岶] device dir
3.浣跨敤璇存槑
umount
鍛戒護鏄痬ount鍛戒護鐨勯€嗘搷浣滐紝瀹冪殑鍙傛暟鍜屼嬌鐢ㄦ柟娉曞拰mount鍛戒護鏄竴鏍風殑銆侺inux鎸傝CD-ROM鍚庯紝浼氶攣瀹欳D鈥擱OM錛岃繖鏍峰氨涓嶈兘鐢–D-
ROM闈㈡澘涓婄殑Eject鎸夐挳寮瑰嚭瀹冦€備絾鏄紝褰撲笉鍐嶉渶瑕佸厜鐩樻椂錛屽鏋滃凡灝?cdrom浣滀負絎﹀彿閾炬帴錛岃浣跨敤umount/cdrom鏉ュ嵏瑁呭畠銆備粎褰撴棤鐢ㄦ埛
姝e湪浣跨敤鍏夌洏鏃訛紝璇ュ懡浠ゆ墠浼氭垚鍔熴€傝鍛戒護鍖呮嫭浜嗗皢甯︽湁褰撳墠宸ヤ綔鐩綍褰撲綔璇ュ厜鐩樹腑鐨勭洰褰曠殑緇堢紿楀彛銆?br /> chsh
1.浣滅敤
chsh鍛戒護鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸鏇存敼浣跨敤鑰卻hell璁懼畾錛屽畠鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵€鏈変嬌鐢ㄨ€呫€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
chsh [ 錛峴 ] [ 錛峫ist] [ 錛嶏紞help ] [ 錛峷 ] [ username ]
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峫錛氭樉紺虹郴緇熸墍鏈塖hell綾誨瀷銆?br /> 錛峷錛氭樉紺篠hell鐗堟湰鍙楓€?br /> 4.搴旂敤鎶€宸?br /> 鍓嶉潰浠嬬粛浜哃inux涓嬫湁澶氱Shell錛屼竴鑸己鐪佺殑鏄疊ash錛屽鏋滄兂鏇存崲Shell綾誨瀷鍙互浣跨敤chsh鍛戒護銆傚厛杈撳叆璐︽埛瀵嗙爜錛岀劧鍚庤緭鍏ユ柊Shell綾誨瀷錛屽鏋滄搷浣滄紜郴緇熶細鏄劇ず“Shell change”銆傚叾鐣岄潰涓€鑸涓嬶細
Changing fihanging shell for cao
Password:
New shell [/bin/bash]: /bin/tcsh
涓婇潰浠g爜涓紝[ ]鍐呮槸鐩墠浣跨敤鐨凷hell銆傛櫘閫氱敤鎴峰彧鑳戒慨鏀硅嚜宸辯殑Shell錛岃秴綰х敤鎴峰彲浠ヤ慨鏀瑰叏浣撶敤鎴風殑Shell銆傝鎯蟲煡璇㈢郴緇熸彁渚涘摢浜汼hell錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╟hsh -l 鍛戒護錛岃鍥?鎵€紺恒€?br /> 鍥? 緋葷粺鍙互浣跨敤鐨凷hell綾誨瀷
浠庡浘1涓彲浠ョ湅鍒幫紝絎旇€呯郴緇熶腑鍙互浣跨敤鐨凷hell鏈塨ash錛堢己鐪侊級銆乧sh銆乻h銆乼csh鍥涚銆?br /> exit
1.浣滅敤
exit鍛戒護鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸閫€鍑虹郴緇燂紝瀹冪殑浣跨敤鏉冮檺鏄墍鏈夌敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
exit
3.鍙傛暟
exit鍛戒護娌℃湁鍙傛暟錛岃繍琛屽悗閫€鍑虹郴緇熻繘鍏ョ櫥褰曠晫闈€€?br /> last
1.浣滅敤
last鍛戒護鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸鏄劇ず榪戞湡鐢ㄦ埛鎴栫粓绔殑鐧誨綍鎯呭喌錛屽畠鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵€鏈夌敤鎴楓€傞€氳繃last鍛戒護鏌ョ湅璇ョ▼搴忕殑log錛岀鐞嗗憳鍙互鑾風煡璋佹浘緇忔垨浼佸浘榪炴帴緋葷粺銆?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
1ast[鈥攏][錛峟 file][錛峵 tty] [鈥攈 鑺傜偣][錛岻 鈥擨P][鈥?][錛峺][1D]
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峮錛氭寚瀹氳緭鍑鴻褰曠殑鏉℃暟銆?br /> 錛峟 file錛氭寚瀹氱敤鏂囦歡file浣滀負鏌ヨ鐢ㄧ殑log鏂囦歡銆?br /> 錛峵 tty錛氬彧鏄劇ず鎸囧畾鐨勮櫄鎷熸帶鍒跺彴涓婄櫥褰曟儏鍐點€?br /> 錛峢 鑺傜偣錛氬彧鏄劇ず鎸囧畾鐨勮妭鐐逛笂鐨勭櫥褰曟儏鍐點€?br /> 錛峣 IP錛氬彧鏄劇ず鎸囧畾鐨処P涓婄櫥褰曠殑鎯呭喌銆?br /> 錛?錛氱敤IP鏉ユ樉紺鴻繙绔湴鍧€銆?br /> 錛峺錛氭樉紺鴻褰曠殑騫淬€佹湀銆佹棩銆?br /> 錛岻D錛氱煡閬撴煡璇㈢殑鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶃€?br /> 錛峹:鏄劇ず緋葷粺鍏抽棴銆佺敤鎴風櫥褰曞拰閫€鍑虹殑鍘嗗彶銆?br /> 鍔ㄦ墜緇冧範
涓婇潰浠嬬粛浜哃inux瀹夎鍜岀櫥褰曞懡浠わ紝涓嬮潰浠嬬粛鍑犱釜瀹炰緥錛屽姩鎵嬬粌涔犱竴涓嬪垰鎵嶈榪囩殑鍛戒護銆?br /> 1.涓€嬈¤繍琛屽涓懡浠?br /> 鍦ㄤ竴涓懡浠よ涓彲浠ユ墽琛屽涓懡浠わ紝鐢ㄥ垎鍙峰皢鍚勪釜鍛戒護闅斿紑鍗沖彲錛屼緥濡傦細
錛僱ast 錛峹錛沨alt
涓婇潰浠g爜琛ㄧず鍦ㄦ樉紺虹郴緇熷叧闂€佺敤鎴風櫥褰曞拰閫€鍑虹殑鍘嗗彶鍚庡叧闂綆楁満銆?br /> 2.鍒╃敤mount鎸傝鏂囦歡緋葷粺璁塊棶Windows緋葷粺
璁稿Linux鍙戣鐗堟湰鐜板湪閮藉彲浠ヨ嚜鍔ㄥ姞杞絍fat鍒嗗尯鏉ヨ闂甒indows緋葷粺錛岃€孯ed Hat鍚勪釜鐗堟湰閮芥病鏈夎嚜鍔ㄥ姞杞絍fat鍒嗗尯錛屽洜姝よ繕闇€瑕佽繘琛屾墜宸ユ搷浣溿€?br /> mount
鍙互灝哤indows鍒嗗尯浣滀負Linux鐨勪竴涓?#8220;鏂囦歡”鎸傛帴鍒癓inux鐨勪竴涓┖鏂囦歡澶逛笅錛屼粠鑰屽皢Windows鐨勫垎鍖哄拰/mnt榪欎釜鐩綍鑱旂郴璧鋒潵銆傚洜
姝わ紝鍙璁塊棶榪欎釜鏂囦歡澶瑰氨鐩稿綋浜庤闂鍒嗗尯浜嗐€傞鍏堣鍦?mnt涓嬪緩绔媤inc鏂囦歡澶癸紝鍦ㄥ懡浠ゆ彁紺虹涓嬭緭鍏ヤ笅闈㈠懡浠わ細
錛僲ount -t vfat /dev/hda1 /mnt/winc
鍗?br /> 琛ㄧず灝哤indows鐨凜鍒嗗尯鎸傚埌Liunx鐨?mnt/winc鐩綍涓嬨€傝繖鏃訛紝鍦?mnt/winc鐩綍涓嬪氨鍙互鐪嬪埌Windows涓瑿鐩樼殑鍐呭浜嗐€備嬌
鐢ㄧ被浼肩殑鏂規硶鍙互璁塊棶Windows緋葷粺鐨凞銆丒鐩樸€傚湪Linux緋葷粺鏄劇ずWindows鐨勫垎鍖轟竴鑸『搴忚繖鏍風殑錛歨da1涓篊鐩樸€乭da5涓篋鐩樸€?br /> hda6涓篍鐩?#8230;…浠ユ綾繪帹銆備笂榪版柟娉曞彲浠ユ煡鐪媁indows緋葷粺鏈変竴涓緢澶х殑闂錛屽氨鏄疻indows涓殑鎵€鏈変腑鏂囨枃浠跺悕鎴栨枃浠跺す鍚嶅叏閮ㄦ樉紺轟負闂彿
“錛?#8221;錛岃€岃嫳鏂囧嵈鍙互姝e父鏄劇ず銆傛垜浠彲浠ラ€氳繃鍔犲叆涓€浜涘弬鏁拌瀹冩樉紺轟腑鏂囥€傝繕浠ヤ笂闈㈢殑鎿嶄綔涓轟緥錛屾鏃惰緭鍏ュ懡浠わ細
錛僲ount -t vfat -o iocharset=cp936 /dev/hda1 /mnt/winc
鐜板湪瀹冨氨鍙互姝e父鏄劇ず涓枃浜嗐€?br /> 3.浣跨敤mount鍔犳寕闂洏涓婄殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺
鍦↙inux涓嬩嬌鐢ㄩ棯鐩橀潪甯哥畝鍗曘€侺inux瀵筓SB璁懼鏈夊緢濂界殑鏀寔錛屽綋鎻掑叆闂洏鍚庯紝闂洏琚瘑鍒負涓€涓猄CSI鐩橈紝閫氬父杈撳叆浠ヤ笅鍛戒護錛?br /> 錛?mount /dev/sda1 /usb
灝辮兘澶熷姞鎸傞棯鐩樹笂鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇熴€?br /> 灝忕煡璇?br /> Linux鍛戒護涓嶴hell
鎵€
璋揝hell錛屽氨鏄懡浠よВ閲婄▼搴忥紝瀹冩彁渚涗簡紼嬪簭璁捐鎺ュ彛錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄧ▼搴忔潵緙栫▼銆傚涔燬hell瀵逛簬Linux鍒濆鑰呯悊瑙inux緋葷粺鏄潪甯擱噸瑕佺殑銆?br /> Linux緋葷粺鐨凷hell浣滀負鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鐨勫澹籌紝涓虹敤鎴鋒彁渚涗簡浣跨敤鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鐨勬帴鍙c€係hell鏄懡浠よ璦€銆佸懡浠よВ閲婄▼搴忓強紼嬪簭璁捐璇█鐨勭粺縐幫紝鏄敤鎴峰拰
Linux鍐呮牳涔嬮棿鐨勬帴鍙g▼搴忋€傚鏋滄妸Linux鍐呮牳鎯寵薄鎴愪竴涓悆浣撶殑涓績錛孲hell灝辨槸鍥寸粫鍐呮牳鐨勫灞傘€傚綋浠嶴hell鎴栧叾瀹冪▼搴忓悜Linux浼犻€掑懡
浠ゆ椂錛屽唴鏍鎬細鍋氬嚭鐩稿簲鐨勫弽搴斻€係hell鍦↙inux緋葷粺鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ拰MS DOS涓嬬殑COMMAND.COM鍜學indows 95/98 鐨?br /> explorer.exe鐩鎬技銆係hell铏界劧涓嶆槸緋葷粺鏍稿績鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎錛屽彧鏄郴緇熸牳蹇冪殑涓€涓寤訛紝浣嗗畠鑳藉璋冪敤緋葷粺鍐呮牳鐨勫ぇ閮ㄥ垎鍔熻兘銆傚洜姝わ紝鍙互璇?br /> Shell鏄疷nux/Linux鏈€閲嶈鐨勫疄鐢ㄧ▼搴忋€?br /> Linux涓殑Shell鏈夊縐嶇被鍨嬶紝鍏朵腑鏈€甯哥敤鐨勬槸Bourne
Shell(sh)銆丆 Shell(csh)鍜孠orn Shell(ksh)銆傚ぇ澶氭暟Linux鍙戣鐗堟湰緙虹渷鐨凷hell鏄疊ourne
Again Shell錛屽畠鏄疊ourne Shell鐨勬墿灞曪紝綆€縐癰ash錛屼笌Bourne Shell瀹屽叏鍚戝悗鍏煎錛屽茍涓斿湪Bourne
Shell鐨勫熀紜€涓婂鍔犱簡寰堝鐗規€с€俠ash鏀懼湪/bin/bash涓紝鍙互鎻愪緵濡傚懡浠よˉ鍏ㄣ€佸懡浠ょ紪杈戝拰鍛戒護鍘嗗彶琛ㄧ瓑鍔熻兘銆傚畠榪樺寘鍚簡寰堝C
Shell鍜孠orn
Shell涓殑浼樼偣錛屾湁鐏墊椿鍜屽己澶х殑緙栫▼鎺ュ彛錛屽悓鏃跺張鏈夊緢鍙嬪ソ鐨勭敤鎴風晫闈€€侺inux緋葷粺涓?00澶氫釜鍛戒護涓湁40涓槸bash鐨勫唴閮ㄥ懡浠わ紝涓昏鍖呮嫭
exit銆乴ess銆乴p銆乲ill銆?cd銆乸wd銆乫c銆乫g絳夈€?br />

Linux蹇呭鐨?0涓懡浠?2)-鏂囦歡澶勭悊鍛戒護
Linux
緋葷粺淇℃伅瀛樻斁鍦ㄦ枃浠墮噷錛屾枃浠朵笌鏅€氱殑鍏姟鏂囦歡綾諱技銆傛瘡涓枃浠墮兘鏈夎嚜宸辯殑鍚嶅瓧銆佸唴瀹廣€佸瓨鏀懼湴鍧€鍙婂叾瀹冧竴浜涚鐞嗕俊鎭紝濡傛枃浠剁殑鐢ㄦ埛銆佹枃浠剁殑澶у皬絳夈€傛枃浠跺彲浠ユ槸
涓€灝佷俊銆佷竴涓€氳褰曪紝鎴栬€呮槸紼嬪簭鐨勬簮璇彞銆佺▼搴忕殑鏁版嵁錛岀敋鑷沖彲浠ュ寘鎷彲鎵ц鐨勭▼搴忓拰鍏跺畠闈炴鏂囧唴瀹廣€?br /> Linux鏂囦歡緋葷粺鍏鋒湁鑹ソ鐨勭粨鏋勶紝緋葷粺鎻愪緵浜嗗緢澶氭枃浠跺鐞嗙▼搴忋€傝繖閲屼富瑕佷粙緇嶅父鐢ㄧ殑鏂囦歡澶勭悊鍛戒護銆?br /> file
1.浣滅敤 浠跺唴瀹瑰垽鏂枃浠剁被鍨嬶紝浣跨敤鏉冮檺鏄墍鏈夌敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
file閫氳繃鎺㈡祴鏂?br /> file [options] 鏂囦歡鍚?br /> 3.[options]涓昏鍙傛暟
-v錛氬湪鏍囧噯杈撳嚭鍚庢樉紺虹増鏈俊鎭紝騫朵笖閫€鍑恒€?br /> -z錛氭帰嫻嬪帇緙╄繃鐨勬枃浠剁被鍨嬨€?br /> -L錛氬厑璁哥鍚堣繛鎺ャ€?br /> -f name錛氫粠鏂囦歡namefile涓鍙栬鍒嗘瀽鐨勬枃浠跺悕鍒楄〃銆?br /> 4.綆€鍗曡鏄?br /> 浣跨敤file鍛戒護鍙互鐭ラ亾鏌愪釜鏂囦歡絀剁珶鏄簩榪涘埗錛圗LF鏍煎紡錛夌殑鍙墽琛屾枃浠? 榪樻槸Shell Script鏂囦歡錛屾垨鑰呮槸鍏跺畠鐨勪粈涔堟牸寮忋€俧ile鑳借瘑鍒殑鏂囦歡綾誨瀷鏈夌洰褰曘€丼hell鑴氭湰銆佽嫳鏂囨枃鏈€佷簩榪涘埗鍙墽琛屾枃浠躲€丆璇█婧愭枃浠躲€佹枃鏈枃浠躲€丏OS鐨勫彲鎵ц鏂囦歡銆?br /> 5.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
濡傛灉鎴戜滑鐪嬪埌涓€涓病鏈夊悗緙€鐨勬枃浠秅rap錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄤ笅闈㈠懡浠わ細
$ file grap
grap錛?English text
姝ゆ椂緋葷粺鏄劇ず榪欐槸涓€涓嫳鏂囨枃鏈枃浠躲€傞渶瑕佽鏄庣殑鏄紝file鍛戒護涓嶈兘鎺㈡祴鍖呮嫭鍥懼艦銆侀煶棰戙€佽棰戠瓑澶氬獟浣撴枃浠剁被鍨嬨€?br /> mkdir
1.浣滅敤
mkdir鍛戒護鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸寤虹珛鍚嶇О涓篸irname鐨勫瓙鐩綍錛屼笌MS DOS涓嬬殑md鍛戒護綾諱技錛屽畠鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵€鏈夌敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
mkdir [options] 鐩綍鍚?br /> 3.[options]涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峬, 錛嶏紞mode=妯″紡錛氳瀹氭潈闄愶紝涓巆hmod綾諱技銆?br /> 錛峱, 錛嶏紞parents錛氶渶瑕佹椂鍒涘緩涓婂眰鐩綍錛涘鏋滅洰褰曟棭宸插瓨鍦紝鍒欎笉褰撲綔閿欒銆?br /> 錛峷, 錛嶏紞verbose錛氭瘡嬈″垱寤烘柊鐩綍閮芥樉紺轟俊鎭€?br /> 錛嶏紞version錛氭樉紺虹増鏈俊鎭悗紱誨紑銆?br /> 4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
鍦ㄨ繘琛岀洰褰曞垱寤烘椂鍙互璁劇疆鐩綍鐨勬潈闄愶紝姝ゆ椂浣跨敤鐨勫弬鏁版槸“錛峬”銆傚亣璁捐鍒涘緩鐨勭洰褰曞悕鏄?#8220;tsk”錛岃鎵€鏈夌敤鎴烽兘鏈塺wx(鍗寵銆佸啓銆佹墽琛岀殑鏉冮檺)錛岄偅涔堝彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄤ互涓嬪懡浠わ細
$ mkdir 錛峬 777 tsk
grep
1.浣滅敤
grep鍛戒護鍙互鎸囧畾鏂囦歡涓悳绱㈢壒瀹氱殑鍐呭錛屽茍灝嗗惈鏈夎繖浜涘唴瀹圭殑琛屾爣鍑嗚緭鍑恒€俫rep鍏ㄧО鏄疓lobal Regular Expression Print錛岃〃紺哄叏灞€姝e垯琛ㄨ揪寮忕増鏈紝瀹冪殑浣跨敤鏉冮檺鏄墍鏈夌敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
grep [options]
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
[options]涓昏鍙傛暟錛?br /> 錛峜錛氬彧杈撳嚭鍖歸厤琛岀殑璁℃暟銆?br /> 錛岻錛氫笉鍖哄垎澶у皬鍐欙紙鍙€傜敤浜庡崟瀛楃錛夈€?br /> 錛峢錛氭煡璇㈠鏂囦歡鏃朵笉鏄劇ず鏂囦歡鍚嶃€?br /> 錛峫錛氭煡璇㈠鏂囦歡鏃跺彧杈撳嚭鍖呭惈鍖歸厤瀛楃鐨勬枃浠跺悕銆?br /> 錛峮錛氭樉紺哄尮閰嶈鍙婅鍙楓€?br /> 錛峴錛氫笉鏄劇ず涓嶅瓨鍦ㄦ垨鏃犲尮閰嶆枃鏈殑閿欒淇℃伅銆?br /> 錛峷錛氭樉紺轟笉鍖呭惈鍖歸厤鏂囨湰鐨勬墍鏈夎銆?br /> pattern姝e垯琛ㄨ揪寮忎富瑕佸弬鏁幫細
\錛氬拷鐣ユ鍒欒〃杈懼紡涓壒孌婂瓧絎︾殑鍘熸湁鍚箟銆?br /> ^錛氬尮閰嶆鍒欒〃杈懼紡鐨勫紑濮嬭銆?br /> $: 鍖歸厤姝e垯琛ㄨ揪寮忕殑緇撴潫琛屻€?br /> \錛氬埌鍖歸厤姝e垯琛ㄨ揪寮忕殑琛岀粨鏉熴€?br /> [ ]錛氬崟涓瓧絎︼紝濡俒A]鍗矨絎﹀悎瑕佹眰 銆?br /> [ - ]錛氳寖鍥達紝濡俒A-Z]錛屽嵆A銆丅銆丆涓€鐩村埌Z閮界鍚堣姹?銆?br /> 銆傦細鎵€鏈夌殑鍗曚釜瀛楃銆?br /> * 錛氭湁瀛楃錛岄暱搴﹀彲浠ヤ負0銆?br /> 姝?br /> 鍒欒〃杈懼紡鏄疞inux/Unix緋葷粺涓潪甯擱噸瑕佺殑姒傚康銆傛鍒欒〃杈懼紡錛堜篃縐頒負“regex”鎴?#8220;regexp”錛夋槸涓€涓彲浠ユ弿榪頒竴綾誨瓧絎︿覆鐨勬ā寮?br /> 錛圥attern錛夈€傚鏋滀竴涓瓧絎︿覆鍙互鐢ㄦ煇涓鍒欒〃杈懼紡鏉ユ弿榪幫紝鎴戜滑灝辮榪欎釜瀛楃鍜岃姝e垯琛ㄨ揪寮忓尮閰嶏紙Match錛夈€傝繖鍜孌OS涓敤鎴峰彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄩ€氶厤絎?br /> “*”浠h〃浠繪剰瀛楃綾諱技銆傚湪Linux緋葷粺涓婏紝姝e垯琛ㄨ揪寮忛€氬父琚敤鏉ユ煡鎵炬枃鏈殑妯″紡錛屼互鍙婂鏂囨湰鎵ц“鎼滅儲錛嶆浛鎹?#8221;鎿嶄綔鍜屽叾瀹冨姛鑳姐€?br /> 4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
鏌?br /> 璇NS鏈嶅姟鏄棩甯稿伐浣滀箣涓€錛岃繖鎰忓懗鐫€瑕佺淮鎶よ鐩栦笉鍚岀綉緇滅殑澶ч噺IP鍦板潃銆傛湁鏃禝P鍦板潃浼氳秴榪?000涓€傚鏋滆鏌ョ湅nnn.nnn緗戠粶鍦板潃錛屼絾鏄嵈蹇樹簡
絎簩閮ㄥ垎涓殑鍏朵綑閮ㄥ垎錛屽彧鐭ュ埌鏈変袱涓彞鐐癸紝渚嬪nnn nn..銆傝鎶藉彇鍏朵腑鎵€鏈塶nn.nnn IP鍦板潃錛屼嬌鐢╗0錛? ]\{3
\}\.[0錛?\{3\}\銆傚惈涔夋槸浠繪剰鏁板瓧鍑虹幇3嬈★紝鍚庤窡鍙ョ偣錛屾帴鐫€鏄換鎰忔暟瀛楀嚭鐜?嬈★紝鍚庤窡鍙ョ偣銆?br /> $grep '[0錛? ]\{3 \}\.[0錛?\{3\}\' ipfile
琛ュ厖璇存槑錛実rep瀹舵棌榪樺寘鎷琭grep鍜宔grep銆俧grep鏄痜ix grep錛屽厑璁告煡鎵懼瓧絎︿覆鑰屼笉鏄竴涓ā寮忥紱egrep鏄墿灞昰rep錛屾敮鎸佸熀鏈強鎵╁睍鐨勬鍒欒〃杈懼紡錛屼絾涓嶆敮鎸乗q妯″紡鑼冨洿鐨勫簲鐢ㄥ強涓庝箣鐩稿搴旂殑涓€浜涙洿鍔犺鑼冪殑妯″紡銆?br /> dd
1.浣滅敤
dd鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵澶嶅埗鏂囦歡錛屽茍鏍規嵁鍙傛暟灝嗘暟鎹漿鎹㈠拰鏍煎紡鍖栥€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
dd [options]
3.[opitions]涓昏鍙傛暟
bs=瀛楄妭錛氬己榪?ibs=鍙妎bs=銆?br /> cbs=瀛楄妭錛氭瘡嬈¤漿鎹㈡寚瀹氱殑銆?br /> conv=鍏抽敭瀛楋細鏍規嵁浠ラ€楀彿鍒嗛殧鐨勫叧閿瓧琛ㄧず鐨勬柟寮忔潵杞崲鏂囦歡銆?br /> count=鍧楁暟鐩細鍙鍒舵寚瀹氱殑杈撳叆鏁版嵁銆?br /> ibs=瀛楄妭錛氭瘡嬈¤鍙栨寚瀹氱殑銆?br /> if=鏂囦歡錛氳鍙栧唴瀹癸紝鑰岄潪鏍囧噯杈撳叆鐨勬暟鎹€?br /> obs=瀛楄妭錛氭瘡嬈″啓鍏ユ寚瀹氱殑銆?br /> of=鏂囦歡錛氬皢鏁版嵁鍐欏叆錛岃€屼笉鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗚緭鍑烘樉紺恒€?br /> seek=鍧楁暟鐩細鍏堢暐榪囦互obs涓哄崟浣嶇殑鎸囧畾鐨勮緭鍑烘暟鎹€?br /> skip=鍧楁暟鐩細鍏堢暐榪囦互ibs涓哄崟浣嶇殑鎸囧畾鐨勮緭鍏ユ暟鎹€?br /> 4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
dd鍛戒護甯稿父鐢ㄦ潵鍒朵綔Linux鍚姩鐩樸€傚厛鎵句竴涓彲寮曞鍐呮牳錛屼護瀹冪殑鏍硅澶囨寚鍚戞紜殑鏍瑰垎鍖猴紝鐒跺悗浣跨敤dd鍛戒護灝嗗叾鍐欏叆杞洏錛?br /> $ rdev vmlinuz /dev/hda
$dd if錛漹mlinuz of錛?dev/fd0
涓婇潰浠g爜璇存槑錛屼嬌鐢╮dev鍛戒護灝嗗彲寮曞鍐呮牳vmlinuz涓殑鏍硅澶囨寚鍚?dev/hda錛岃鎶?#8220;hda”鎹㈡垚鑷繁鐨勬牴鍒嗗尯錛屾帴涓嬫潵鐢╠d鍛戒護灝嗚鍐呮牳鍐欏叆杞洏銆?br /> find
1.浣滅敤
find鍛戒護鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸鍦ㄧ洰褰曚腑鎼滅儲鏂囦歡錛屽畠鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵€鏈夌敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
find [path][options][expression]
path鎸囧畾鐩綍璺緞錛岀郴緇熶粠榪欓噷寮€濮嬫部鐫€鐩綍鏍戝悜涓嬫煡鎵炬枃浠躲€傚畠鏄竴涓礬寰勫垪琛紝鐩鎬簰鐢ㄧ┖鏍煎垎紱伙紝濡傛灉涓嶅啓path錛岄偅涔堥粯璁や負褰撳墠鐩綍銆?br /> 3.涓昏鍙傛暟
[options]鍙傛暟錛?br /> 錛峝epth錛氫嬌鐢ㄦ繁搴︾駭鍒殑鏌ユ壘榪囩▼鏂瑰紡錛屽湪鏌愬眰鎸囧畾鐩綍涓紭鍏堟煡鎵炬枃浠跺唴瀹廣€?br /> 錛峬axdepth levels錛氳〃紺鴻嚦澶氭煡鎵懼埌寮€濮嬬洰褰曠殑絎琹evel灞傚瓙鐩綍銆俵evel鏄竴涓潪璐熸暟錛屽鏋渓evel鏄?鐨勮瘽琛ㄧず浠呭湪褰撳墠鐩綍涓煡鎵俱€?br /> 錛峬indepth levels錛氳〃紺鴻嚦灝戞煡鎵懼埌寮€濮嬬洰褰曠殑絎琹evel灞傚瓙鐩綍銆?br /> 錛峬ount錛氫笉鍦ㄥ叾瀹冩枃浠剁郴緇燂紙濡侻sdos銆乂fat絳夛級鐨勭洰褰曞拰鏂囦歡涓煡鎵俱€?br /> 錛峷ersion錛氭墦鍗扮増鏈€?br /> [expression]鏄尮閰嶈〃杈懼紡錛屾槸find鍛戒護鎺ュ彈鐨勮〃杈懼紡錛宖ind鍛戒護鐨勬墍鏈夋搷浣滈兘鏄拡瀵硅〃杈懼紡鐨勩€傚畠鐨勫弬鏁伴潪甯稿錛岃繖閲屽彧浠嬬粛涓€浜涘父鐢ㄧ殑鍙傛暟銆?br /> 鈥攏ame錛氭敮鎸佺粺閰嶇*鍜?銆?br /> 錛峚time n錛氭悳绱㈠湪榪囧幓n澶╄鍙栬繃鐨勬枃浠躲€?br /> 錛峜time n錛氭悳绱㈠湪榪囧幓n澶╀慨鏀硅繃鐨勬枃浠躲€?br /> 錛峠roup grpoupname錛氭悳绱㈡墍鏈夌粍涓篻rpoupname鐨勬枃浠躲€?br /> 錛島ser 鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶏細鎼滅儲鎵€鏈夋枃浠跺睘涓諱負鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶏紙ID鎴栧悕縐幫級鐨勬枃浠躲€?br /> 錛峴ize n錛氭悳绱㈡枃浠跺ぇ灝忔槸n涓猙lock鐨勬枃浠躲€?br /> 錛峱rint錛氳緭鍑烘悳绱㈢粨鏋滐紝騫朵笖鎵撳嵃銆?br /> 4.搴旂敤鎶€宸?br /> find鍛戒護鏌ユ壘鏂囦歡鐨勫嚑縐嶆柟娉曪細
錛?錛夋牴鎹枃浠跺悕鏌ユ壘
渚嬪錛屾垜浠兂瑕佹煡鎵句竴涓枃浠跺悕鏄痩ilo.conf鐨勬枃浠訛紝鍙互浣跨敤濡備笅鍛戒護錛?br /> find / 錛峮ame lilo.conf
find鍛戒護鍚庣殑“/”琛ㄧず鎼滅儲鏁翠釜紜洏銆?br /> 錛?錛夊揩閫熸煡鎵炬枃浠?br /> 鏍?br /> 鎹枃浠跺悕鏌ユ壘鏂囦歡浼氶亣鍒頒竴涓疄闄呴棶棰橈紝灝辨槸瑕佽姳璐圭浉褰撻暱鐨勪竴孌墊椂闂達紝鐗瑰埆鏄ぇ鍨婰inux鏂囦歡緋葷粺鍜屽ぇ瀹歸噺紜洏鏂囦歡鏀懼湪寰堟繁鐨勫瓙鐩綍涓椂銆傚鏋滄垜浠煡閬撲簡
榪欎釜鏂囦歡瀛樻斁鍦ㄦ煇涓洰褰曚腑錛岄偅涔堝彧瑕佸湪榪欎釜鐩綍涓線涓嬪鎵懼氨鑳借妭鐪佸緢澶氭椂闂淬€傛瘮濡俿mb.conf鏂囦歡錛屼粠瀹冪殑鏂囦歡鍚庣紑“.conf”鍙互鍒ゆ柇榪欐槸涓€涓厤
緗枃浠訛紝閭d箞瀹冨簲璇ュ湪/etc鐩綍鍐咃紝姝ゆ椂鍙互浣跨敤涓嬮潰鍛戒護錛?br /> find /etc 錛峮ame smb.conf
榪欐牱錛屼嬌鐢?#8220;蹇€熸煡鎵炬枃浠?#8221;鏂瑰紡鍙互緙╃煭鏃墮棿銆?br /> 錛?錛夋牴鎹儴鍒嗘枃浠跺悕鏌ユ壘鏂規硶
鏈夋椂鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾鍙煇涓枃浠跺寘鍚湁abvd榪?涓瓧錛岄偅涔堣鏌ユ壘緋葷粺涓墍鏈夊寘鍚湁榪?涓瓧絎︾殑鏂囦歡鍙互杈撳叆涓嬮潰鍛戒護錛?br /> find / 錛峮ame '*abvd*'
杈撳叆榪欎釜鍛戒護浠ュ悗錛孡inux緋葷粺浼氬皢鍦?鐩綍涓煡鎵炬墍鏈夌殑鍖呭惈鏈塧bvd榪?涓瓧絎︾殑鏂囦歡錛堝叾涓?鏄€氶厤絎︼級錛屾瘮濡俛bvdrmyz絳夌鍚堟潯浠剁殑鏂囦歡閮借兘鏄劇ず鍑烘潵銆?br /> (4) 浣跨敤娣峰悎鏌ユ壘鏂瑰紡鏌ユ壘鏂囦歡
find鍛戒護鍙互浣跨敤娣峰悎鏌ユ壘鐨勬柟娉曪紝渚嬪錛屾垜浠兂鍦?etc鐩綍涓煡鎵懼ぇ浜?00000瀛楄妭錛屽茍涓斿湪24灝忔椂鍐呬慨鏀圭殑鏌愪釜鏂囦歡錛屽垯鍙互浣跨敤-and (涓?鎶婁袱涓煡鎵懼弬鏁伴摼鎺ヨ搗鏉ョ粍鍚堟垚涓€涓販鍚堢殑鏌ユ壘鏂瑰紡銆?br /> find /etc -size +500000c -and -mtime +1
mv
1.浣滅敤
mv鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵涓烘枃浠舵垨鐩綍鏀瑰悕錛屾垨鑰呭皢鏂囦歡鐢變竴涓洰褰曠Щ鍏ュ彟涓€涓洰褰曚腑錛屽畠鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵€鏈夌敤鎴楓€傝鍛戒護濡傚悓DOS鍛戒護涓殑ren鍜宮ove鐨勭粍鍚堛€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
mv[options] 婧愭枃浠舵垨鐩綍 鐩爣鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰?br /> 3.[options]涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峣錛氫氦浜掓柟寮忔搷浣溿€傚鏋渕v鎿嶄綔灝嗗鑷村宸插瓨鍦ㄧ殑鐩爣鏂囦歡鐨勮鐩栵紝姝ゆ椂緋葷粺璇㈤棶鏄惁閲嶅啓錛岃姹傜敤鎴峰洖絳?#8220;y”鎴?#8220;n”錛岃繖鏍峰彲浠ラ伩鍏嶈瑕嗙洊鏂囦歡銆?br /> 錛峟錛氱姝氦浜掓搷浣溿€俶v鎿嶄綔瑕佽鐩栨煇涓凡鏈夌殑鐩爣鏂囦歡鏃朵笉緇欎換浣曟寚紺猴紝鎸囧畾姝ゅ弬鏁板悗i鍙傛暟灝嗕笉鍐嶈搗浣滅敤銆?br /> 4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
錛?錛夊皢/usr/cbu涓殑鎵€鏈夋枃浠剁Щ鍒板綋鍓嶇洰褰曪紙鐢?#8220;.”琛ㄧず錛変腑錛?br /> $ mv /usr/cbu/ * .
錛?錛夊皢鏂囦歡cjh.txt閲嶅懡鍚嶄負wjz.txt錛?br /> $ mv cjh.txt wjz.txt銆€
ls
1.浣滅敤
ls鍛戒護鐢ㄤ簬鏄劇ず鐩綍鍐呭錛岀被浼糄OS涓嬬殑dir鍛戒護錛屽畠鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵€鏈夌敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
ls [options][filename]
3.options涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峚, 錛嶏紞all錛氫笉闅愯棌浠諱綍浠?#8220;.” 瀛楃寮€濮嬬殑欏圭洰銆?br /> 錛岮, 錛嶏紞almost錛峚ll錛氬垪鍑洪櫎浜?#8220; . ”鍙?“.. ”浠ュ鐨勪換浣曢」鐩€?br /> 錛嶏紞author錛氬嵃鍑烘瘡涓枃浠惰憲浣滆€呫€?br /> 錛峛, 錛嶏紞escape錛氫互鍏繘鍒舵孩鍑哄簭鍒楄〃紺轟笉鍙墦鍗扮殑瀛楃銆?br /> 錛嶏紞block錛峴ize=澶у皬錛氬潡浠ユ寚瀹氱殑瀛楄妭涓哄崟浣嶃€?br /> 錛岯, 錛嶏紞ignore錛峛ackups錛氫笉鍒楀嚭浠諱綍浠?~ 瀛楃緇撴潫鐨勯」鐩€?br /> 錛峟錛氫笉榪涜鎺掑簭錛岋紞aU鍙傛暟鐢熸晥錛岋紞lst鍙傛暟澶辨晥銆?br /> 錛岶, 錛嶏紞classify錛氬姞涓婃枃浠剁被鍨嬬殑鎸囩ず絎﹀彿 (*/=@| 鍏朵腑涓€涓?銆?br /> 錛峠錛歭ike 錛峫, but do not list owner銆?br /> 錛岹, 錛嶏紞no錛峠roup錛歩nhibit display of group information銆?br /> 錛峣, 錛嶏紞inode錛氬垪鍑烘瘡涓枃浠剁殑inode鍙楓€?br /> 錛岻, 錛嶏紞ignore=鏍峰紡錛氫笉鍗板嚭浠諱綍絎﹀悎Shell涓囩敤瀛楃鐨勯」鐩€?br /> 錛峩錛氬嵆錛嶏紞block錛峴ize=1K銆?br /> 錛峫錛氫嬌鐢ㄨ緝闀挎牸寮忓垪鍑轟俊鎭€?br /> 錛峀, 錛嶏紞dereference錛氬綋鏄劇ず絎﹀彿閾炬帴鐨勬枃浠朵俊鎭椂錛屾樉紺虹鍙烽摼鎺ユ墍鎸囩ず鐨勫璞★紝鑰屽茍闈炵鍙烽摼鎺ユ湰韜殑淇℃伅銆?br /> 錛峬錛氭墍鏈夐」鐩互閫楀彿鍒嗛殧錛屽茍濉弧鏁磋琛屽銆?br /> 錛峮, 錛嶏紞numeric錛島id錛峠id錛氱被浼鹼紞l錛屼絾鍒楀嚭UID鍙奊ID鍙楓€?br /> 錛峃, 錛嶏紞literal錛氬垪鍑烘湭緇忓鐞嗙殑欏圭洰鍚嶇О錛屼緥濡備笉鐗瑰埆澶勭悊鎺у埗瀛楃銆?br /> 錛峱, 錛嶏紞file錛峵ype錛氬姞涓婃枃浠剁被鍨嬬殑鎸囩ず絎﹀彿 (/=@| 鍏朵腑涓€涓?銆?br /> 錛峇, 錛嶏紞quote錛峮ame錛氬皢欏圭洰鍚嶇О鎷笂鍙屽紩鍙楓€?br /> 錛峳, 錛嶏紞reverse錛氫緷鐩稿弽嬈″簭鎺掑垪銆?br /> 錛峈, 錛嶏紞recursive錛氬悓鏃跺垪鍑烘墍鏈夊瓙鐩綍灞傘€?br /> 錛峴, 錛嶏紞size錛氫互鍧楀ぇ灝忎負搴忋€?br /> 4.搴旂敤涓句緥
ls
鍛戒護鏄疞inux緋葷粺浣跨敤棰戠巼鏈€澶氱殑鍛戒護錛屽畠鐨勫弬鏁頒篃鏄疞inux鍛戒護涓渶澶氱殑銆備嬌鐢╨s鍛戒護鏃朵細鏈夊嚑縐嶄笉鍚岀殑棰滆壊錛屽叾涓摑鑹茶〃紺烘槸鐩綍錛岀豢鑹茶〃紺烘槸鍙墽
琛屾枃浠訛紝綰㈣壊琛ㄧず鏄帇緙╂枃浠訛紝嫻呰摑鑹茶〃紺烘槸閾炬帴鏂囦歡錛屽姞綺楃殑榛戣壊琛ㄧず絎﹀彿閾炬帴錛岀伆鑹茶〃紺烘槸鍏跺畠鏍煎紡鏂囦歡銆俵s鏈€甯鎬嬌鐢ㄧ殑鏄痩s- l錛岃鍥?鎵€紺恒€?br /> 鍥? 浣跨敤ls-l鍛戒護
鏂?br /> 浠剁被鍨嬪紑澶存槸鐢?0涓瓧絎︽瀯鎴愮殑瀛楃涓層€傚叾涓涓€涓瓧絎﹁〃紺烘枃浠剁被鍨嬶紝瀹冨彲浠ユ槸涓嬭堪綾誨瀷涔嬩竴錛氾紞錛堟櫘閫氭枃浠訛級銆乨錛堢洰褰曪級銆乴錛堢鍙烽摼鎺ワ級銆乥錛堝潡璁懼鏂?br /> 浠訛級銆乧錛堝瓧絎﹁澶囨枃浠訛級銆傚悗闈㈢殑9涓瓧絎﹁〃紺烘枃浠剁殑璁塊棶鏉冮檺錛屽垎涓?緇勶紝姣忕粍3浣嶃€傜涓€緇勮〃紺烘枃浠跺睘涓葷殑鏉冮檺錛岀浜岀粍琛ㄧず鍚岀粍鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬潈闄愶紝絎笁緇勮〃紺哄叾
浠栫敤鎴風殑鏉冮檺銆傛瘡涓€緇勭殑涓変釜瀛楃鍒嗗埆琛ㄧず瀵規枃浠剁殑璇伙紙r錛夈€佸啓錛坵錛夊拰鎵ц鏉冮檺錛坸錛夈€傚浜庣洰褰曪紝琛ㄧず榪涘叆鏉冮檺銆俿琛ㄧず褰撴枃浠惰鎵ц鏃訛紝鎶婅鏂囦歡鐨刄ID
鎴朑ID璧嬩簣鎵ц榪涚▼鐨刄ID錛堢敤鎴稩D錛夋垨GID錛堢粍
ID錛夈€倀琛ㄧず璁劇疆鏍囧織浣嶏紙鐣欏湪鍐呭瓨錛屼笉琚崲鍑猴級銆傚鏋滆鏂囦歡鏄洰褰曪紝閭d箞鍦ㄨ鐩綍涓殑鏂囦歡鍙兘琚秴綰х敤鎴楓€佺洰褰曟嫢鏈夎€呮垨鏂囦歡灞炰富鍒犻櫎銆傚鏋滃畠鏄彲鎵ц鏂?br /> 浠訛紝閭d箞鍦ㄨ鏂囦歡鎵ц鍚庯紝鎸囧悜鍏舵鏂囨鐨勬寚閽堜粛鐣欏湪鍐呭瓨銆傝繖鏍峰啀嬈℃墽琛屽畠鏃訛紝緋葷粺灝辮兘鏇村揩鍦拌鍏ヨ鏂囦歡銆傛帴鐫€鏄劇ず鐨勬槸鏂囦歡澶у皬銆佺敓鎴愭椂闂淬€佹枃浠舵垨鍛戒護鍚?br /> 縐般€?br /> diff
1.浣滅敤
diff鍛戒護鐢ㄤ簬涓や釜鏂囦歡涔嬮棿鐨勬瘮杈冿紝騫舵寚鍑轟袱鑰呯殑涓嶅悓錛屽畠鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵€鏈夌敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
diff [options] 婧愭枃浠?鐩爣鏂囦歡
3.[options]涓昏鍙傛暟
-a錛氬皢鎵€鏈夋枃浠跺綋浣滄枃鏈枃浠舵潵澶勭悊銆?br /> -b錛氬拷鐣ョ┖鏍奸€犳垚鐨勪笉鍚屻€?br /> -B錛氬拷鐣ョ┖琛岄€犳垚鐨勪笉鍚屻€?br /> -c錛氫嬌鐢ㄧ翰瑕佽緭鍑烘牸寮忋€?br /> -H錛氬埄鐢ㄨ瘯鎺㈡硶鍔犻€熷澶ф枃浠剁殑鎼滅儲銆?br /> -I錛氬拷鐣ュぇ灝忓啓鐨勫彉鍖栥€?br /> -n --rcs錛氳緭鍑篟CS鏍煎紡銆?br /> cmp
1.浣滅敤
cmp錛?#8220;compare”鐨勭緝鍐欙級鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵綆€瑕佹寚鍑轟袱涓枃浠舵槸鍚﹀瓨鍦ㄥ樊寮傦紝瀹冪殑浣跨敤鏉冮檺鏄墍鏈夌敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
cmp[options] 鏂囦歡鍚?br /> 3.[options]涓昏鍙傛暟
-l: 灝嗗瓧鑺備互鍗佽繘鍒剁殑鏂瑰紡杈撳嚭錛屽茍鏂逛究灝嗕袱涓枃浠朵腑涓嶅悓鐨勪互鍏繘鍒剁殑鏂瑰紡杈撳嚭銆?br /> cat
1.浣滅敤
cat錛?#8220;concatenate”鐨勭緝鍐欙級鍛戒護鐢ㄤ簬榪炴帴騫舵樉紺烘寚瀹氱殑涓€涓拰澶氫釜鏂囦歡鐨勬湁鍏充俊鎭紝瀹冪殑浣跨敤鏉冮檺鏄墍鏈夌敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
cat [options] 鏂囦歡1 鏂囦歡2……
3.[options]涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峮錛氱敱絎竴琛屽紑濮嬪鎵€鏈夎緭鍑虹殑琛屾暟緙栧彿銆?br /> 錛峛錛氬拰錛峮鐩鎬技錛屽彧涓嶈繃瀵逛簬絀虹櫧琛屼笉緙栧彿銆?br /> 錛峴錛氬綋閬囧埌鏈夎繛緇袱琛屼互涓婄殑絀虹櫧琛屾椂錛屽氨浠f崲涓轟竴琛岀殑絀虹櫧琛屻€?br /> 4.搴旂敤涓句緥
錛?錛塩at鍛戒護涓€涓渶綆€鍗曠殑鐢ㄥ鏄樉紺烘枃鏈枃浠剁殑鍐呭銆備緥濡傦紝鎴戜滑鎯沖湪鍛戒護琛岀湅涓€涓婻EADME鏂囦歡鐨勫唴瀹癸紝鍙互浣跨敤鍛戒護錛?br /> $ cat README銆€
錛?錛?br /> 鏈夋椂闇€瑕佸皢鍑犱釜鏂囦歡澶勭悊鎴愪竴涓枃浠訛紝騫跺皢榪欑澶勭悊鐨勭粨鏋滀繚瀛樺埌涓€涓崟鐙殑杈撳嚭鏂囦歡銆俢at鍛戒護鍦ㄥ叾杈撳叆涓婃帴鍙椾竴涓垨澶氫釜鏂囦歡錛屽茍灝嗗畠浠綔涓轟竴涓崟鐙殑鏂囦歡
鎵撳嵃鍒板畠鐨勮緭鍑恒€備緥濡傦紝鎶奟EADME鍜孖NSTALL鐨勬枃浠跺唴瀹瑰姞涓婅鍙鳳紙絀虹櫧琛屼笉鍔狅級涔嬪悗錛屽皢鍐呭闄勫姞鍒頒竴涓柊鏂囨湰鏂囦歡File1 涓細
$ cat README INSTALL File1
錛?錛塩at榪樻湁涓€涓噸瑕佺殑鍔熻兘灝辨槸鍙互瀵硅榪涜緙栧彿錛岃鍥?鎵€紺恒€傝繖縐嶅姛鑳藉浜庣▼搴忔枃妗g殑緙栧埗錛屼互鍙婃硶寰嬪拰縐戝鏂囨。鐨勭紪鍒跺緢鏂逛究錛屾墦鍗板湪宸﹁竟鐨勮鍙蜂嬌寰楀弬鑰冩枃妗g殑鏌愪竴閮ㄥ垎鍙樺緱瀹規槗錛岃繖浜涘湪緙栫▼銆佺瀛︾爺絀躲€佷笟鍔℃姤鍛婄敋鑷蟲槸绔嬫硶宸ヤ綔涓兘鏄潪甯擱噸瑕佺殑銆?br /> 鍥? 浣跨敤cat鍛戒護/etc/named.conf鏂囦歡榪涜緙栧彿
瀵硅榪涜緙栧彿鍔熻兘鏈?b錛堝彧鑳藉闈炵┖鐧借榪涜緙栧彿錛夊拰-n錛堝彲浠ュ鎵€鏈夎榪涜緙栧彿錛変袱涓弬鏁幫細
$ cat -b /etc/named.conf
ln
1.浣滅敤
ln鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵鍦ㄦ枃浠朵箣闂村垱寤洪摼鎺ワ紝瀹冪殑浣跨敤鏉冮檺鏄墍鏈夌敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
ln [options] 婧愭枃浠?[閾炬帴鍚峕
3.鍙傛暟
錛峟錛氶摼緇撴椂鍏堝皢婧愭枃浠跺垹闄ゃ€?br /> 錛峝錛氬厑璁哥郴緇熺鐞嗚€呯‖閾劇粨鑷繁鐨勭洰褰曘€?br /> 錛峴錛氳繘琛岃蔣閾劇粨(Symbolic Link)銆?br /> 錛峛錛氬皢鍦ㄩ摼緇撴椂浼氳瑕嗙洊鎴栧垹闄ょ殑鏂囦歡榪涜澶囦喚銆?br /> 閾炬帴鏈変袱縐嶏紝涓€縐嶈縐頒負紜摼鎺ワ紙Hard Link錛夛紝鍙︿竴縐嶈縐頒負絎﹀彿閾炬帴錛圫ymbolic Link錛夈€傞粯璁ゆ儏鍐典笅錛宭n鍛戒護浜х敓紜摼鎺ャ€?br /> 紜?br /> 榪炴帴鎸囬€氳繃绱㈠紩鑺傜偣鏉ヨ繘琛岀殑榪炴帴銆傚湪Linux鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇熶腑錛屼繚瀛樺湪紓佺洏鍒嗗尯涓殑鏂囦歡涓嶇鏄粈涔堢被鍨嬮兘緇欏畠鍒嗛厤涓€涓紪鍙鳳紝縐頒負绱㈠紩鑺傜偣鍙?Inode
Index)銆傚湪Linux涓紝澶氫釜鏂囦歡鍚嶆寚鍚戝悓涓€绱㈠紩鑺傜偣鏄瓨鍦ㄧ殑銆備竴鑸繖縐嶈繛鎺ュ氨鏄‖榪炴帴銆傜‖榪炴帴鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸鍏佽涓€涓枃浠舵嫢鏈夊涓湁鏁堣礬寰勫悕錛岃繖鏍風敤鎴?br /> 灝卞彲浠ュ緩绔嬬‖榪炴帴鍒伴噸瑕佹枃浠訛紝浠ラ槻姝?#8220;璇垹”鐨勫姛鑳姐€傚叾鍘熷洜濡備笂鎵€榪幫紝鍥犱負瀵瑰簲璇ョ洰褰曠殑绱㈠紩鑺傜偣鏈変竴涓互涓婄殑榪炴帴銆傚彧鍒犻櫎涓€涓繛鎺ュ茍涓嶅獎鍝嶇儲寮曡妭鐐規湰韜拰
鍏跺畠鐨勮繛鎺ワ紝鍙湁褰撴渶鍚庝竴涓繛鎺ヨ鍒犻櫎鍚庯紝鏂囦歡鐨勬暟鎹潡鍙婄洰褰曠殑榪炴帴鎵嶄細琚噴鏀俱€備篃灝辨槸璇達紝鏂囦歡鎵嶄細琚湡姝e垹闄ゃ€?br /> 涓庣‖榪炴帴鐩稿搴旓紝Lnux緋葷粺涓繕瀛樺湪鍙︿竴縐嶈繛鎺ワ紝縐頒負絎﹀彿榪炴帴錛圫ymbilc Link錛夛紝涔熷彨杞繛鎺ャ€傝蔣閾炬帴鏂囦歡鏈夌偣綾諱技浜嶹indows鐨勫揩鎹鋒柟寮忋€傚畠瀹為檯涓婃槸鐗規畩鏂囦歡鐨勪竴縐嶃€傚湪絎﹀彿榪炴帴涓紝鏂囦歡瀹為檯涓婃槸涓€涓枃鏈枃浠訛紝鍏朵腑鍖呭惈鐨勬湁鍙︿竴鏂囦歡鐨勪綅緗俊鎭€?br /> 鍔ㄦ墜緇冧範
涓婇潰鎴戜滑浠嬬粛浜哃inux鏂囦歡澶勭悊鍛戒護錛屼笅闈粙緇嶅嚑涓疄渚嬶紝澶у鍙互鍔ㄦ墜緇冧範涓€涓嬪垰鎵嶈榪囩殑鍛戒護銆?br /> 1.鍒╃敤絎﹀彿閾炬帴蹇€熻闂叧閿洰褰?br /> 絎?br /> 鍙烽摼鎺ユ槸涓€涓潪甯稿疄鐢ㄧ殑鍔熻兘銆傚亣璁炬湁涓€浜涚洰褰曟垨鏂囦歡闇€瑕侀綣佷嬌鐢紝浣嗙敱浜嶭inux鐨勬枃浠跺拰鐩綍緇撴瀯絳夊師鍥狅紝榪欎釜鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曞湪寰堟繁鐨勫瓙鐩綍涓€傛瘮濡傦紝
Apache
Web鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ枃妗d綅浜庣郴緇熺殑/usr/local/httpd/htdocs涓紝騫朵笖涓嶆兂姣忔閮借浠庝富鐩綍榪涘叆榪欐牱涓€涓暱鐨勮礬寰勪箣涓?瀹為檯涓婏紝榪欎釜璺緞涔?br /> 闈炲父涓嶅鏄撹蹇?銆?br /> 涓轟簡瑙e喅榪欎釜闂錛屽彲浠ュ湪涓葷洰褰曚腑鍒涘緩涓€涓鍙烽摼鎺ワ紝榪欐牱鍦ㄩ渶瑕佽繘鍏ヨ鐩綍鏃訛紝鍙渶榪涘叆榪欎釜閾炬帴鍗沖彲銆?br /> 涓轟簡鑳芥柟渚垮湴榪涘叆Web鏈嶅姟鍣?/usr/local/httpd/htdocs)鏂囨。鎵€鍦ㄧ殑鐩綍錛屽湪涓葷洰褰曚笅鍙互浣跨敤浠ヤ笅鍛戒護錛?br /> $ ln -s /usr/local/httpd/htdocs gg
榪欐牱姣忔榪涘叆gg鐩綍灝卞彲璁塊棶Web鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑鏂囨。錛屼互鍚庡鏋滀笉鍐嶈闂甒eb鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑鏂囨。鏃訛紝鍒犻櫎gg鍗沖彲錛岃€岀湡姝g殑Web鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑鏂囨。騫舵病鏈夊垹闄ゃ€?br /> 2.浣跨敤dd鍛戒護灝唅nit.rd鏍煎紡鐨剅oot.ram鍐呭瀵煎叆鍐呭瓨
dd if=/dev/fd0 of=floppy.fd
dd if=root.ram of=/dev/ram0 #
3.grep鍛戒護緋葷粺璋冪敤
grep鏄疞inux/Unix涓嬌鐢ㄦ渶騫挎硾鐨勫懡浠や箣涓€錛岃澶歀inux緋葷粺鍐呴儴閮藉彲浠ヨ皟鐢ㄥ畠銆?br /> (1)濡傛灉瑕佹煡璇㈢洰褰曞垪琛ㄤ腑鐨勭洰褰曪紝鏂規硶濡備笅錛?br /> $ ls -l | grep '鈭'
(2)濡傛灉鍦ㄤ竴涓洰褰曚腑鏌ヨ涓嶅寘鍚洰褰曠殑鎵€鏈夋枃浠訛紝鏂規硶濡備笅錛?br /> $ ls -l | grep '鈭鈭]'
(3)鐢╢ind鍛戒護璋冪敤grep錛屽鎵€鏈塁婧愪唬鐮佷腑鐨?#8220;Chinput”錛屾柟娉曞涓嬶細
$find /ZhXwin -name *.c -exec grep -q -s Chinput {} \;-print
Linux蹇呭鐨?0涓懡浠?3)-緋葷粺綆$悊鍛戒護
Linux蹇呭鐨勭郴緇熺鐞嗗懡浠?br /> 瀵逛簬Linux緋葷粺鏉ヨ錛屾棤璁烘槸涓ぎ澶勭悊鍣ㄣ€佸唴瀛樸€佺鐩橀┍鍔ㄥ櫒銆侀敭鐩樸€侀紶鏍囷紝榪樻槸鐢ㄦ埛絳夐兘鏄枃浠訛紝Linux緋葷粺綆$悊鐨勫懡浠ゆ槸瀹冩甯歌繍琛岀殑鏍稿績銆傜啛鎮変簡Linux甯哥敤鐨勬枃浠跺鐞嗗懡浠や互鍚庯紝榪欎竴璁蹭粙緇嶅緋葷粺鍜岀敤鎴瘋繘琛岀鐞嗙殑鍛戒護銆?br /> df
1.浣滅敤
df鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵媯€鏌ユ枃浠剁郴緇熺殑紓佺洏絀洪棿鍗犵敤鎯呭喌錛屼嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵€鏈夌敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
df [options]
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峴錛氬姣忎釜Names鍙傛暟鍙粰鍑哄崰鐢ㄧ殑鏁版嵁鍧楁€繪暟銆?br /> 錛峚錛氶€掑綊鍦版樉紺烘寚瀹氱洰褰曚腑鍚勬枃浠跺強瀛愮洰褰曚腑鍚勬枃浠跺崰鐢ㄧ殑鏁版嵁鍧楁暟銆傝嫢鏃笉鎸囧畾錛峴錛屼篃涓嶆寚瀹氾紞a錛屽垯鍙樉紺篘ames涓殑姣忎竴涓洰褰曞強鍏朵腑鐨勫悇瀛愮洰褰曟墍鍗犵殑紓佺洏鍧楁暟銆?br /> 錛峩錛氫互1024瀛楄妭涓哄崟浣嶅垪鍑虹鐩樼┖闂翠嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐點€?br /> 錛峹錛氳煩榪囧湪涓嶅悓鏂囦歡緋葷粺涓婄殑鐩綍涓嶄簣緇熻銆?br /> 錛峫錛氳綆楁墍鏈夌殑鏂囦歡澶у皬錛屽紜摼鎺ユ枃浠跺垯璁$畻澶氭銆?br /> 錛峣錛氭樉紺篿node淇℃伅鑰岄潪鍧椾嬌鐢ㄩ噺銆?br /> 錛峢錛氫互瀹規槗鐞嗚В鐨勬牸寮忓嵃鍑烘枃浠剁郴緇熷ぇ灝忥紝渚嬪136KB銆?54MB銆?1GB銆?br /> 錛峆錛氫嬌鐢≒OSIX杈撳嚭鏍煎紡銆?br /> 錛峊錛氭樉紺烘枃浠剁郴緇熺被鍨嬨€?br /> 4.璇存槑
df鍛戒護琚箍娉涘湴鐢ㄦ潵鐢熸垚鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勪嬌鐢ㄧ粺璁℃暟鎹紝瀹冭兘鏄劇ず緋葷粺涓墍鏈夌殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勪俊鎭紝鍖呮嫭鎬誨閲忋€佸彲鐢ㄧ殑絀洪棽絀洪棿銆佺洰鍓嶇殑瀹夎鐐圭瓑銆?br /> 瓚?br /> 綰ф潈闄愮敤鎴蜂嬌鐢╠f鍛戒護鏃朵細鍙戠幇榪欐牱鐨勬儏鍐碉細鏌愪釜鍒嗗尯鐨勫閲忚秴榪囦簡100錛呫€傝繖鏄洜涓篖inux緋葷粺涓鴻秴綰х敤鎴蜂繚鐣欎簡10錛呯殑絀洪棿錛岀敱鍏跺崟鐙敮閰嶃€備篃灝辨槸
璇達紝瀵逛簬瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛鑰岃█錛屼粬鎵€瑙佸埌鐨勭‖鐩樺閲忓皢鏄?10錛呫€傝繖鏍風殑瀹夋帓瀵逛簬緋葷粺綆$悊鑰岃█鏄湁濂藉鐨勶紝褰撶‖鐩樿浣跨敤鐨勫閲忔帴榪?00錛呮椂緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樿繕鍙互姝e父
宸ヤ綔銆?br /> 5.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
Linux鏀寔鐨勬枃浠剁郴緇熼潪甯稿錛屽寘鎷琂FS銆丷eiserFS銆乪xt銆乪xt2銆乪xt3銆両SO9660銆乆FS銆丮inx銆乿fat銆丮SDOS絳夈€備嬌鐢╠f -T鍛戒護鏌ョ湅紓佺洏絀洪棿鏃惰繕鍙互寰楀埌鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勪俊鎭細
錛僤f 錛峊
鏂囦歡緋葷粺 綾誨瀷 瀹歸噺 宸茬敤 鍙敤 宸茬敤% 鎸傝澆鐐?br /> /dev/hda7 reiserfs 5.2G 1.6G 3.7G 30% /
/dev/hda1 vfat 2.4G 1.6G 827M 66% /windows/C
/dev/hda5 vfat 3.0G 1.7G 1.3G 57% /windows/D
/dev/hda9 vfat 3.0G 2.4G 566M 82% /windows/E
/dev/hda10 NTFS 3.2G 573M 2.6G 18% /windows/F
/dev/hda11 vfat 1.6G 1.5G 23M 99% /windows/G
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1.浣滅敤
top鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵鏄劇ず鎵ц涓殑紼嬪簭榪涚▼錛屼嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵€鏈夌敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
top [錛峕 [d delay] [q] [c] [S] [s] [n]
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
d錛氭寚瀹氭洿鏂扮殑闂撮殧錛屼互縐掕綆椼€?br /> q錛氭病鏈変換浣曞歡榪熺殑鏇存柊銆傚鏋滀嬌鐢ㄨ€呮湁瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛錛屽垯top鍛戒護灝嗕細浠ユ渶楂樼殑浼樺厛搴忔墽琛屻€?br /> c錛氭樉紺鴻繘紼嬪畬鏁寸殑璺緞涓庡悕縐般€?br /> S錛氱瘡縐ā寮忥紝浼氬皢宸卞畬鎴愭垨娑堝け鐨勫瓙琛岀▼鐨凜PU鏃墮棿绱Н璧鋒潵銆?br /> s錛氬畨鍏ㄦā寮忋€?br /> i錛氫笉鏄劇ず浠諱綍闂茬疆(Idle)鎴栨棤鐢?Zombie)鐨勮紼嬨€?br /> n錛氭樉紺烘洿鏂扮殑嬈℃暟錛屽畬鎴愬悗灝嗕細閫€鍑簍op銆?br /> 4.璇存槑
top鍛戒護鏄疞inux緋葷粺綆$悊鐨勪竴涓富瑕佸懡浠わ紝閫氳繃瀹冨彲浠ヨ幏寰楄澶氫俊鎭€傝繖閲屾垜浠粨鍚堝浘1鏉ヨ鏄庡畠緇欏嚭鐨勪俊鎭€?br /> 鍥? top鍛戒護鐨勬樉紺?br /> 鍦?br /> 鍥?涓紝絎竴琛岃〃紺虹殑欏圭洰渚濇涓哄綋鍓嶆椂闂淬€佺郴緇熷惎鍔ㄦ椂闂淬€佸綋鍓嶇郴緇熺櫥褰曠敤鎴鋒暟鐩€佸鉤鍧囪礋杞姐€傜浜岃鏄劇ず鐨勬槸鎵€鏈夊惎鍔ㄧ殑榪涚▼銆佺洰鍓嶈繍琛岀殑銆佹寕璧?br /> (Sleeping)鐨勫拰鏃犵敤(Zombie)鐨勮繘紼嬨€傜涓夎鏄劇ず鐨勬槸鐩墠CPU鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐碉紝鍖呮嫭緋葷粺鍗犵敤鐨勬瘮渚嬨€佺敤鎴蜂嬌鐢ㄦ瘮渚嬨€侀棽緗?Idle)姣斾緥銆?br /> 絎洓琛屾樉紺虹墿鐞嗗唴瀛樼殑浣跨敤鎯呭喌錛屽寘鎷€葷殑鍙互浣跨敤鐨勫唴瀛樸€佸凡鐢ㄥ唴瀛樸€佺┖闂插唴瀛樸€佺紦鍐插尯鍗犵敤鐨勫唴瀛樸€傜浜旇鏄劇ず浜ゆ崲鍒嗗尯浣跨敤鎯呭喌錛屽寘鎷€葷殑浜ゆ崲鍒嗗尯銆佷嬌鐢?br /> 鐨勩€佺┖闂茬殑鍜岀敤浜庨珮閫熺紦瀛樼殑澶у皬銆傜鍏鏄劇ず鐨勯」鐩渶澶氾紝涓嬮潰鍒楀嚭浜嗚緇嗚В閲娿€?br /> PID錛圥rocess ID錛夛細榪涚▼鏍囩ず鍙楓€?br /> USER錛氳繘紼嬫墍鏈夎€呯殑鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶃€?br /> PR錛氳繘紼嬬殑浼樺厛綰у埆銆?br /> NI錛氳繘紼嬬殑浼樺厛綰у埆鏁板€箋€?br /> VIRT錛氳繘紼嬪崰鐢ㄧ殑铏氭嫙鍐呭瓨鍊箋€?br /> RES錛氳繘紼嬪崰鐢ㄧ殑鐗╃悊鍐呭瓨鍊箋€?br /> SHR錛氳繘紼嬩嬌鐢ㄧ殑鍏變韓鍐呭瓨鍊箋€?br /> S錛氳繘紼嬬殑鐘舵€侊紝鍏朵腑S琛ㄧず浼戠湢錛孯琛ㄧず姝e湪榪愯錛孼琛ㄧず鍍墊鐘舵€侊紝N琛ㄧず璇ヨ繘紼嬩紭鍏堝€兼槸璐熸暟銆?br /> %CPU錛氳榪涚▼鍗犵敤鐨凜PU浣跨敤鐜囥€?br /> %MEM錛氳榪涚▼鍗犵敤鐨勭墿鐞嗗唴瀛樺拰鎬誨唴瀛樼殑鐧懼垎姣斻€?br /> TIME錛嬶細璇ヨ繘紼嬪惎鍔ㄥ悗鍗犵敤鐨勬€葷殑CPU鏃墮棿銆?br /> Command錛氳繘紼嬪惎鍔ㄧ殑鍚姩鍛戒護鍚嶇О錛屽鏋滆繖涓€琛屾樉紺轟笉涓嬶紝榪涚▼浼氭湁涓€涓畬鏁寸殑鍛戒護琛屻€?br /> top鍛戒護浣跨敤榪囩▼涓紝榪樺彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄤ竴浜涗氦浜掔殑鍛戒護鏉ュ畬鎴愬叾瀹冨弬鏁扮殑鍔熻兘銆傝繖浜涘懡浠ゆ槸閫氳繃蹇嵎閿惎鍔ㄧ殑銆?br /> 錛氱珛鍒誨埛鏂般€?br /> P錛氭牴鎹瓹PU浣跨敤澶у皬榪涜鎺掑簭銆?br /> T錛氭牴鎹椂闂淬€佺瘡璁℃椂闂存帓搴忋€?br /> q錛氶€€鍑簍op鍛戒護銆?br /> m錛氬垏鎹㈡樉紺哄唴瀛樹俊鎭€?br /> t錛氬垏鎹㈡樉紺鴻繘紼嬪拰CPU鐘舵€佷俊鎭€?br /> c錛氬垏鎹㈡樉紺哄懡浠ゅ悕縐板拰瀹屾暣鍛戒護琛屻€?br /> M錛氭牴鎹嬌鐢ㄥ唴瀛樺ぇ灝忚繘琛屾帓搴忋€?br /> W錛氬皢褰撳墠璁劇疆鍐欏叆~/.toprc鏂囦歡涓€傝繖鏄啓top閰嶇疆鏂囦歡鐨勬帹鑽愭柟娉曘€?br /> 鍙互鐪嬪埌錛宼op鍛戒護鏄竴涓姛鑳藉崄鍒嗗己澶х殑鐩戞帶緋葷粺鐨勫伐鍏鳳紝瀵逛簬緋葷粺綆$悊鍛樿€岃█灝ゅ叾閲嶈銆備絾鏄紝瀹冪殑緙虹偣鏄細娑堣€楀緢澶氱郴緇熻祫婧愩€?br /> 5.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
浣跨敤top鍛戒護鍙互鐩戣鎸囧畾鐢ㄦ埛錛岀己鐪佹儏鍐墊槸鐩戣鎵€鏈夌敤鎴風殑榪涚▼銆傚鏋滄兂鏌ョ湅鎸囧畾鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬儏鍐碉紝鍦ㄧ粓绔腑鎸?#8220;U”閿紝鐒跺悗杈撳叆鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶏紝緋葷粺灝變細鍒囨崲涓烘寚瀹氱敤鎴風殑榪涚▼榪愯鐣岄潰錛岃鍥?鎵€紺恒€?br /> 鍥? 浣跨敤top鍛戒護鐩戣鎸囧畾鐢ㄦ埛
free
1.浣滅敤
free鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵鏄劇ず鍐呭瓨鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐碉紝浣跨敤鏉冮檺鏄墍鏈夌敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
free [錛峛|錛峩|錛峬] [錛峯] [錛峴 delay] [錛峵] [錛峍]
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峛 錛峩 錛峬錛氬垎鍒互瀛楄妭錛圞B銆丮B錛変負鍗曚綅鏄劇ず鍐呭瓨浣跨敤鎯呭喌銆?br /> 錛峴 delay錛氭樉紺烘瘡闅斿灝戠鏁版潵鏄劇ず涓€嬈″唴瀛樹嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐點€?br /> 錛峵錛氭樉紺哄唴瀛樻€誨拰鍒椼€?br /> 錛峯錛氫笉鏄劇ず緙撳啿鍖鴻皟鑺傚垪銆?br /> 4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
free鍛戒護鏄敤鏉ユ煡鐪嬪唴瀛樹嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐電殑涓昏鍛戒護銆傚拰top鍛戒護鐩告瘮錛屽畠鐨勪紭鐐規槸浣跨敤綆€鍗曪紝騫朵笖鍙崰鐢ㄥ緢灝戠殑緋葷粺璧勬簮銆傞€氳繃錛峉鍙傛暟鍙互浣跨敤free鍛戒護涓嶉棿鏂湴鐩戣鏈夊灝戝唴瀛樺湪浣跨敤錛岃繖鏍峰彲浠ユ妸瀹冨綋浣滀竴涓柟渚垮疄鏃剁洃鎺у櫒銆?br /> 錛僨ree 錛峛 錛峴5
浣跨敤榪欎釜鍛戒護鍚庣粓绔細榪炵畫涓嶆柇鍦版姤鍛婂唴瀛樹嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐碉紙浠ュ瓧鑺備負鍗曚綅錛夛紝姣?縐掓洿鏂頒竴嬈°€?br /> quota
1.浣滅敤
quota鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵鏄劇ず紓佺洏浣跨敤鎯呭喌鍜岄檺鍒舵儏鍐碉紝浣跨敤鏉冮檺瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛銆?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
quota [錛峠][錛島][錛峷][錛峱] 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?緇勫悕
3.鍙傛暟
錛峠錛氭樉紺虹敤鎴鋒墍鍦ㄧ粍鐨勭鐩樹嬌鐢ㄩ檺鍒躲€?br /> 錛島錛氭樉紺虹敤鎴風殑紓佺洏浣跨敤闄愬埗銆?br /> 錛峷錛氭樉紺烘病鏈夊垎閰嶇┖闂寸殑鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勫垎閰嶆儏鍐點€?br /> 錛峱錛氭樉紺虹畝鍖栦俊鎭€?br /> 4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
鍦ㄤ紒涓氬簲鐢ㄤ腑紓佺洏閰嶉闈炲父閲嶈錛屾櫘閫氱敤鎴瘋瀛︿細鐪嬫噦鑷繁鐨勭鐩樹嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐點€傝鏌ヨ鑷繁鐨勭鐩橀厤棰濆彲浠ヤ嬌鐢ㄤ笅闈㈠懡浠わ紙涓嬩緥涓敤鎴瘋處鍙鋒槸caojh)錛?br /> 錛僸uota caojh
Disk quotas for user caojh(uid 502):
Filesystem blocks quota limit grace files quota limit grace
/dev/hda3 58 200000 400000 41 500 1000
浠ヤ笂鏄劇ずID鍙蜂負502鐨刢aojh璐﹀彿錛屾枃浠朵釜鏁拌緗負500锝?000涓紝紜洏絀洪棿闄愬埗璁劇疆涓?00MB锝?00MB銆備竴鏃︾鐩橀厤棰濊鐢ㄥ畬鏃訛紝灝遍渶瑕佸垹闄や竴浜涘瀮鍦炬枃浠舵垨鍚戠郴緇熺鐞嗗憳璇鋒眰榪藉姞閰嶉銆?br /> at
1.浣滅敤
at鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵鍦ㄦ寚瀹氭椂鍒繪墽琛屾寚瀹氱殑鍛戒護搴忓垪銆?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
at [錛峍] [錛峲 x] [錛峟 file] [錛峬] time
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峍錛氭樉紺烘爣鍑嗛敊璇緭鍑恒€?br /> 錛峲錛氳澶氶槦鍒楄緭鍑恒€?br /> 錛峟錛氫粠鏂囦歡涓鍙栦綔涓氥€?br /> 錛峬錛氭墽琛屽畬浣滀笟鍚庡彂閫佺數瀛愰偖浠跺埌鐢ㄦ埛銆?br /> time錛氳瀹氫綔涓氭墽琛岀殑鏃墮棿銆倀ime鏍煎紡鏈変弗鏍肩殑瑕佹眰錛岀敱灝忔椂銆佸垎閽熴€佹棩鏈熷拰鏃墮棿鐨勫亸縐婚噺緇勬垚錛屽叾涓棩鏈熺殑鏍煎紡涓篗M.DD.YY錛孧M鏄垎閽燂紝DD鏄棩鏈燂紝YY鏄寚騫翠喚銆傚亸縐婚噺鐨勬牸寮忎負鏃墮棿錛嬪亸縐婚噺錛屽崟浣嶆槸minutes銆乭ours鍜宒ays銆?br /> 4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
錛僡t 錛峟 data 15:30 +2 days
涓婇潰鍛戒護琛ㄧず璁╃郴緇熷湪涓ゅぉ鍚庣殑17錛?0鎵ц鏂囦歡data涓寚鏄庣殑浣滀笟銆?br /> lp
1.浣滅敤
lp鏄墦鍗版枃浠剁殑鍛戒護錛屼嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵€鏈夌敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
lp [錛峜][錛峝][錛峬][錛峮umber][錛峵itle][-p]
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峜錛氬厛鎷瘋礉鏂囦歡鍐嶆墦鍗般€?br /> 錛峝錛氭墦鍗伴槦鍒楁枃浠躲€?br /> 錛峬錛氭墦鍗扮粨鏉熷悗鍙戦€佺數瀛愰偖浠跺埌鐢ㄦ埛銆?br /> 錛峮umber錛氭墦鍗頒喚鏁般€?br /> 錛峵itle錛氭墦鍗版爣棰樸€?br /> 錛峱錛氳瀹氭墦鍗扮殑浼樺厛綰у埆錛屾渶楂樹負100銆?br /> 4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
錛?錛変嬌鐢╨p鍛戒護鎵撳嵃澶氫釜鏂囦歡
錛僱p 2 3 4
request id is 11 (3 file(s))
鍏朵腑2銆?銆?鍒嗗埆鏄枃浠跺悕錛?#8220;request id is 11 (3 file(s)) ”琛ㄧず榪欐槸絎?1涓墦鍗板懡浠わ紝渚濇鎵撳嵃榪欎笁涓枃浠躲€?br /> 錛?錛夎瀹氭墦鍗頒紭鍏堢駭鍒?br /> 錛僱p lp -d LaserJet -p 90 /etc/aliases
閫氳繃娣誨姞“-p 90”錛岃瀹氫簡鎵撳嵃浣滀笟鐨勪紭鍏堢駭涓?0銆傚畠灝嗗湪浼樺厛綰т綆浜?0鐨勬墦鍗頒綔涓氫箣鍓嶆墦鍗幫紝鍖呮嫭娌℃湁璁劇疆浼樺厛綰х殑浣滀笟錛岀己鐪佷紭鍏堢駭鏄?0
useradd
1.浣滅敤
useradd鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵寤虹珛鐢ㄦ埛甯愬彿鍜屽垱寤虹敤鎴風殑璧峰鐩綍錛屼嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛銆?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
useradd [錛峝 home] [錛峴 shell] [錛峜 comment] [錛峬 [錛峩 template]] [錛峟 inactive] [錛峞 expire ] [錛峱 passwd] [錛峳] name
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峜錛氬姞涓婂娉ㄦ枃瀛楋紝澶囨敞鏂囧瓧淇濆瓨鍦╬asswd鐨勫娉ㄦ爮涓€傘€€
錛峝錛氭寚瀹氱敤鎴風櫥鍏ユ椂鐨勫惎濮嬬洰褰曘€?br /> 錛岲錛氬彉鏇撮璁懼€箋€?br /> 錛峞錛氭寚瀹氳處鍙風殑鏈夋晥鏈熼檺錛岀己鐪佽〃紺烘案涔呮湁鏁堛€?br /> 錛峟錛氭寚瀹氬湪瀵嗙爜榪囨湡鍚庡灝戝ぉ鍗沖叧闂璐﹀彿銆?br /> 錛峠錛氭寚瀹氱敤鎴鋒墍灞炵殑緹ょ粍銆?br /> 錛岹錛氭寚瀹氱敤鎴鋒墍灞炵殑闄勫姞緹ょ粍銆?br /> 錛峬錛氳嚜鍔ㄥ緩绔嬬敤鎴風殑鐧誨叆鐩綍銆?br /> 錛峂錛氫笉瑕佽嚜鍔ㄥ緩绔嬬敤鎴風殑鐧誨叆鐩綍銆?br /> 錛峮錛氬彇娑堝緩绔嬩互鐢ㄦ埛鍚嶇О涓哄悕鐨勭兢緇勩€?br /> 錛峳錛氬緩绔嬬郴緇熻處鍙楓€?br /> 錛峴錛氭寚瀹氱敤鎴風櫥鍏ュ悗鎵€浣跨敤鐨剆hell銆?br /> 錛島錛氭寚瀹氱敤鎴稩D鍙楓€?br /> 4.璇存槑
useradd鍙敤鏉ュ緩绔嬬敤鎴瘋處鍙鳳紝瀹冨拰adduser鍛戒護鏄浉鍚岀殑銆傝處鍙峰緩濂戒箣鍚庯紝鍐嶇敤passwd璁懼畾璐﹀彿鐨勫瘑鐮併€備嬌鐢╱seradd鍛戒護鎵€寤虹珛鐨勮處鍙鳳紝瀹為檯涓婃槸淇濆瓨鍦?etc/passwd鏂囨湰鏂囦歡涓€?br /> 5.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
寤虹珛涓€涓柊鐢ㄦ埛璐︽埛錛屽茍璁劇疆ID錛?br /> 錛僽seradd caojh 錛島 544
闇€瑕佽鏄庣殑鏄紝璁懼畾ID鍊兼椂灝介噺瑕佸ぇ浜?00錛屼互鍏嶅啿紿併€傚洜涓篖inux瀹夎鍚庝細寤虹珛涓€浜涚壒孌婄敤鎴鳳紝涓€鑸?鍒?99涔嬮棿鐨勫€肩暀緇檅in銆乵ail榪欐牱鐨勭郴緇熻處鍙楓€?br /> groupadd
1.浣滅敤
groupadd鍛戒護鐢ㄤ簬灝嗘柊緇勫姞鍏ョ郴緇熴€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
groupadd [錛峠 gid] [錛峯]] [錛峳] [錛峟] groupname
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峠 gid錛氭寚瀹氱粍ID鍙楓€?br /> 錛峯錛氬厑璁哥粍ID鍙鳳紝涓嶅繀鎯熶竴銆?br /> 錛峳錛氬姞鍏ョ粍ID鍙鳳紝浣庝簬499緋葷粺璐﹀彿銆?br /> 錛峟錛氬姞鍏ュ凡緇忔湁鐨勭粍鏃訛紝鍙戝睍紼嬪簭閫€鍑恒€?br /> 4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
寤虹珛涓€涓柊緇勶紝騫惰緗粍ID鍔犲叆緋葷粺錛?br /> 錛僩roupadd 錛峠 344 cjh
姝ゆ椂鍦?etc/passwd鏂囦歡涓駭鐢熶竴涓粍ID錛圙ID錛夋槸344鐨勯」鐩€?br /> kill
1.浣滅敤
kill鍛戒護鐢ㄦ潵涓涓€涓繘紼嬨€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
kill [ 錛峴 signal | 錛峱 ] [ 錛峚 ] pid ...
kill 錛峫 [ signal ]
3.鍙傛暟
錛峴錛氭寚瀹氬彂閫佺殑淇″彿銆?br /> 錛峱錛氭ā鎷熷彂閫佷俊鍙楓€?br /> 錛峫錛氭寚瀹氫俊鍙風殑鍚嶇О鍒楄〃銆?br /> pid錛氳涓榪涚▼鐨処D鍙楓€?br /> Signal錛氳〃紺轟俊鍙楓€?br /> 4.璇存槑
榪涚▼鏄疞inux緋葷粺涓竴涓潪甯擱噸瑕佺殑姒傚康銆侺inux鏄竴涓浠誨姟鐨勬搷浣滅郴緇燂紝緋葷粺涓婄粡甯稿悓鏃惰繍琛岀潃澶氫釜榪涚▼銆傛垜浠笉鍏沖績榪欎簺榪涚▼絀剁珶鏄浣曞垎閰嶇殑錛屾垨鑰呮槸鍐呮牳濡備綍綆$悊鍒嗛厤鏃墮棿鐗囩殑錛屾墍鍏沖績鐨勬槸濡備綍鍘繪帶鍒惰繖浜涜繘紼嬶紝璁╁畠浠兘澶熷緢濂藉湴涓虹敤鎴鋒湇鍔°€?br /> Linux
鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鍖呮嫭涓夌涓嶅悓綾誨瀷鐨勮繘紼嬶紝姣忕榪涚▼閮芥湁鑷繁鐨勭壒鐐瑰拰灞炴€с€備氦浜掕繘紼嬫槸鐢變竴涓猄hell鍚姩鐨勮繘紼嬨€備氦浜掕繘紼嬫棦鍙互鍦ㄥ墠鍙拌繍琛岋紝涔熷彲浠ュ湪鍚庡彴榪愯銆?br /> 鎵瑰鐞嗚繘紼嬪拰緇堢娌℃湁鑱旂郴錛屾槸涓€涓繘紼嬪簭鍒椼€傜洃鎺ц繘紼嬶紙涔熺О緋葷粺瀹堟姢榪涚▼錛夋椂Linux緋葷粺鍚姩鏃跺惎鍔ㄧ殑榪涚▼錛屽茍鍦ㄥ悗鍙拌繍琛屻€備緥濡傦紝httpd鏄憲鍚嶇殑
Apache鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑鐩戞帶榪涚▼銆?br /> kill鍛戒護鐨勫伐浣滃師鐞嗘槸錛屽悜Linux緋葷粺鐨勫唴鏍稿彂閫佷竴涓郴緇熸搷浣滀俊鍙?br /> 鍜屾煇涓▼搴忕殑榪涚▼鏍囪瘑鍙鳳紝鐒跺悗緋葷粺鍐呮牳灝卞彲浠ュ榪涚▼鏍囪瘑鍙鋒寚瀹氱殑榪涚▼榪涜鎿嶄綔銆傛瘮濡傚湪top鍛戒護涓紝鎴戜滑鐪嬪埌緋葷粺榪愯璁稿榪涚▼錛屾湁鏃跺氨闇€瑕佷嬌鐢╧ill涓?br /> 姝㈡煇浜涜繘紼嬫潵鎻愰珮緋葷粺璧勬簮銆傚湪璁茶В瀹夎鍜岀櫥闄嗗懡浠ゆ椂錛屾浘鎻愬埌緋葷粺澶氫釜铏氭嫙鎺у埗鍙扮殑浣滅敤鏄綋涓€涓▼搴忓嚭閿欓€犳垚緋葷粺姝婚攣鏃訛紝鍙互鍒囨崲鍒板叾瀹冭櫄鎷熸帶鍒跺彴宸ヤ綔鍏抽棴
榪欎釜紼嬪簭銆傛鏃朵嬌鐢ㄧ殑鍛戒護灝辨槸kill錛屽洜涓簁ill鏄ぇ澶氭暟Shell鍐呴儴鍛戒護鍙互鐩存帴璋冪敤鐨勩€?br /> 5.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
錛?錛夊己琛屼腑姝紙緇忓父浣跨敤鏉€鎺夛級涓€涓繘紼嬫爣璇嗗彿涓?24鐨勮繘紼嬶細
錛僰ill 錛? 324
錛?錛夎В闄inux緋葷粺鐨勬閿?br /> 鍦↙inux
涓湁鏃朵細鍙戠敓榪欐牱涓€縐嶆儏鍐碉細涓€涓▼搴忓穿婧冿紝騫朵笖澶勪簬姝婚攣鐨勭姸鎬併€傛鏃朵竴鑸笉鐢ㄩ噸鏂板惎鍔ㄨ綆楁満錛屽彧闇€瑕佷腑姝?鎴栬€呰鏄叧闂?榪欎釜鏈夐棶棰樼殑紼嬪簭鍗沖彲銆傚綋
kill澶勪簬X-Window鐣岄潰鏃訛紝涓昏鐨勭▼搴?闄や簡宕╂簝鐨勭▼搴忎箣澶?涓€鑸兘宸茬粡姝e父鍚姩浜嗐€傛鏃舵墦寮€涓€涓粓绔紝鍦ㄩ偅閲屼腑姝㈡湁闂鐨勭▼搴忋€傛瘮濡傦紝濡傛灉
Mozilla嫻忚鍣ㄧ▼搴忓嚭鐜頒簡閿佹鐨勬儏鍐碉紝鍙互浣跨敤kill鍛戒護鏉ヤ腑姝㈡墍鏈夊寘鍚湁Mozolla嫻忚鍣ㄧ殑紼嬪簭銆傞鍏堢敤top鍛戒護鏌ュ璇ョ▼搴忕殑PID錛岀劧
鍚庝嬌鐢╧ill鍛戒護鍋滄榪欎釜紼嬪簭錛?br /> 錛僰ill 錛峉IGKILL XXX
鍏朵腑錛孹XX鏄寘鍚湁Mozolla嫻忚鍣ㄧ殑紼嬪簭鐨勮繘紼嬫爣璇嗗彿銆?br /> 錛?錛変嬌鐢ㄥ懡浠ゅ洖鏀跺唴瀛?br /> 鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾鍐呭瓨瀵逛簬緋葷粺鏄潪甯擱噸瑕佺殑錛屽洖鏀跺唴瀛樺彲浠ユ彁楂樼郴緇熻祫婧愩€俴ill鍛戒護鍙互鍙婃椂鍦頒腑姝竴浜?#8220;瓚婅建”鐨勭▼搴忔垨寰堥暱鏃墮棿娌℃湁鐩稿簲鐨勭▼搴忋€備緥濡傦紝浣跨敤top鍛戒護鍙戠幇涓€涓棤鐢?(Zombie) 鐨勮繘紼嬶紝姝ゆ椂鍙互浣跨敤涓嬮潰鍛戒護錛?br /> 錛僰ill 錛? XXX
鍏朵腑錛孹XX鏄棤鐢ㄧ殑榪涚▼鏍囪瘑鍙楓€?br /> 鐒跺悗浣跨敤涓嬮潰鍛戒護錛?br /> 錛僨ree
姝ゆ椂浼氬彂鐜板彲鐢ㄥ唴瀛樺閲忓鍔犱簡銆?br /> 錛?錛塳illall鍛戒護
Linux涓嬭繕鎻愪緵浜嗕竴涓猭illall鍛戒護錛屽彲浠ョ洿鎺ヤ嬌鐢ㄨ繘紼嬬殑鍚嶅瓧鑰屼笉鏄繘紼嬫爣璇嗗彿錛屼緥濡傦細
錛?killall -HUP inetd
crontab
1.浣滅敤
浣跨敤crontab鍛戒護鍙互淇敼crontab閰嶇疆鏂囦歡錛岀劧鍚庤閰嶇疆鐢眂ron鍏敤紼嬪簭鍦ㄩ€傚綋鐨勬椂闂存墽琛岋紝璇ュ懡浠や嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸鎵€鏈夌敤鎴楓€?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
crontab [ 錛島 user ] 鏂囦歡
crontab [ 錛島 user ] { 錛峫 | 錛峳 | 錛峞 }
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
錛峞錛氭墽琛屾枃瀛楃紪杈戝櫒鏉ヨ瀹氭椂紼嬭〃錛屽唴瀹氱殑鏂囧瓧緙栬緫鍣ㄦ槸vi銆?br /> 錛峳錛氬垹闄ょ洰鍓嶇殑鏃剁▼琛ㄣ€?br /> 錛峫錛氬垪鍑虹洰鍓嶇殑鏃剁▼琛ㄣ€?br /> crontab
鏂囦歡鐨勬牸寮忎負“M H D m d
cmd”銆傚叾涓紝M浠h〃鍒嗛挓錛?锝?9錛夛紝H浠h〃灝忔椂錛?锝?3錛夛紝D浠h〃澶╋紙1锝?1錛夛紝m浠h〃鏈堬紙1锝?2錛夛紝d浠h〃涓€鏄熸湡鍐呯殑澶╋紙0锝?錛?涓烘槦鏈?br /> 澶╋級銆俢md琛ㄧず瑕佽繍琛岀殑紼嬪簭錛屽畠琚€佸叆sh鎵ц錛岃繖涓猄hell鍙湁USER銆丠OME銆丼HELL涓変釜鐜鍙橀噺銆?br /> 4.璇存槑
鍜宎t鍛戒護鐩告瘮錛宑rontab鍛戒護閫傚悎瀹屾垚鍥哄畾鍛ㄦ湡鐨勪換鍔°€?br /> 5.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
璁劇疆涓€涓畾鏃躲€佸畾鏈熺殑緋葷粺鎻愮ず錛?br /> [cao @www cao]#crontab 錛峞
姝ゆ椂緋葷粺浼氭墦寮€涓€涓獀i緙栬緫鍣ㄣ€?br /> 濡傛灉杈撳叆浠ヤ笅鍐呭錛?5 17 * * 5 wall "Tomorrow is Saturday I will go CS"錛岀劧鍚庡瓨鐩橀€€鍑恒€傝繖鏃跺湪/var/spool/cron/鐩綍涓嬩細鐢熶駭涓€涓猚ao鐨勬枃浠訛紝鍐呭濡備笅錛?br /> # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE 錛?edit the master and reinstall.
# (/tmp/crontab.2707 installed on Thu Jan 1 22:01:51 2004)
# (Cron version 錛嶏紞 $Id: crontab.c,v 2.13 1994/01/17 03:20:37 vixie Exp $)
35 17 * * 5 wall "Tomorrow is Saturday I will play CS "
榪欐牱姣忎釜鏄熸湡浜?7錛?5緋葷粺灝變細寮瑰嚭涓€涓粓绔紝鎻愰啋鏄熸湡鍏彲浠ユ墦鎵揅S浜嗭紒鏄劇ず緇撴灉瑙佸浘3鎵€紺恒€?br /> 鍥? 涓€涓畾鏃躲€佸畾鏈熺殑緋葷粺鎻愮ず
鍔ㄦ墜緇冧範
1.鑱斿悎浣跨敤kill鍜宼op鍛戒護瑙傚療緋葷粺鎬ц兘鐨勫彉鍖?br /> 棣栧厛鍚姩涓€涓粓绔繍琛宼op鍛戒護錛岀劧鍚庡啀鍚姩涓€涓粓绔嬌鐢╧ill鍛戒護錛岃鍥?鎵€紺恒€?br /> 鍥? 瑙傚療kill鍛戒護瀵箃op緇堢鐨勫獎鍝?br /> 榪欐椂鍒╃敤涓婇潰浠嬬粛鐨刱ill鍛戒護鏉ヤ腑姝竴浜涚▼搴忥細
錛僰ill SIGKILL XXX
鐒跺悗鍐嶇湅top鍛戒護緇堢鐨勫彉鍖栵紝鍖呮嫭鍐呭瓨瀹歸噺銆丆PU浣跨敤鐜囥€佺郴緇熻礋杞界瓑銆傛敞鎰忥紝鏈変簺榪涚▼鏄笉鑳戒腑姝㈢殑錛屼笉榪囧涔燣inux鍛戒護鏃跺彲浠ヨ瘯璇曪紝鐪嬬湅緋葷粺鏈変粈涔堝弽搴斻€?br /> 2.浣跨敤at鍜宧alt鍛戒護瀹氭椂鍏蟲満
棣栧厛璁懼畾鍏蟲満鏃墮棿鏄?7:35錛岃緭鍏ヤ笅闈唬鐮侊細
錛僡t 17:35
warning: commands will be executed using (in order) a) $SHELL b) login shell c) /bin/sh
at>halt `-i 錛峱
at>
job 6 at 2004錛?1錛?1 17:35
姝?br /> 鏃跺疄闄呬笂灝卞凡緇忚繘鍏inux緋葷粺鐨凷hell錛屽茍涓旂紪鍐欎竴涓渶綆€鍗曠▼搴忥細halt 錛峣
錛峱銆備笂闈hell涓殑鏂囨湰緇撴潫絎﹀彿琛ㄧず鎸?#8220;Ctrl錛婦”緇勫悎閿叧闂懡浠わ紝鎻愪氦浠誨姟閫€鍑篠hell銆?#8220;Job 6 at 2004錛?1錛?1
17:35”琛ㄧず緋葷粺鎺ュ彈絎?涓猘t鍛戒護錛屽湪“2004錛?1錛?1 17:35”鏃舵墽琛屽懡浠わ細鍏堟妸鎵€鏈夌綉緇滅浉鍏崇殑瑁呯疆鍋滄錛屽叧闂郴緇熷悗鍏抽棴鐢墊簮銆?br /> 3.鐢╟rontab鍛戒護瀹炵幇姣忓ぉ瀹氭椂鐨勭梾姣掓壂鎻?br /> 鍓嶉潰宸茬粡浠嬬粛浜嗕竴涓畝鍗曠殑crontab鍛戒護鎿嶄綔錛岃繖閲岀湅涓€浜涙洿閲嶈鐨勬搷浣溿€?br /> 錛?錛夊緩绔嬩竴涓枃浠訛紝鏂囦歡鍚嶇О鑷繁璁懼畾錛屽亣璁句負caoproject錛?br /> 錛僣rontab 錛峞
錛?錛夋枃浠跺唴瀹瑰涓嬶細
05 09 * * * antivir
鐢╲i緙栬緫鍚庡瓨鐩橀€€鍑恒€俛ntivir鏄竴涓煡鏉€Linux鐥呮瘨鐨勮蔣浠訛紝褰撶劧闇€瑕佹椂鍏堝畨瑁呭湪緋葷粺涓€?br /> 錛?錛変嬌鐢╟rontab鍛戒護娣誨姞鍒頒換鍔″垪琛ㄤ腑錛?br /> 錛僣rontab caoproject
榪欐牱緋葷粺鍐呮墍鏈夌敤鎴峰湪姣忓ぉ鐨?鐐?5鍒嗕細鑷姩榪涜鐥呮瘨鎵弿銆?br /> 4.鐢╧ill浣夸慨鏀圭殑閰嶇疆鏂囦歡椹笂鐢熸晥
Windows鐢ㄦ埛涓€鑸兘鐭ラ亾錛岄噸瑕侀厤緗枃浠朵慨鏀瑰悗寰€寰€閮借閲嶆柊鍚姩璁$畻鏈烘墠鑳戒嬌淇敼鐢熸晥銆傝€孡inux鐢變簬閲囩敤浜嗘ā鍧楀寲璁捐錛屽彲浠ヨ嚜宸辨牴鎹渶瑕佸疄鏃惰瀹氭湇鍔°€傝繖閲屼互緗戠粶鏈嶅姟inetd涓轟緥浠嬬粛涓€浜涙搷浣滄妧宸с€?br /> inetd
鏄竴涓洃鍚畧鎶よ繘紼嬶紝鐩戝惉涓庢彁渚涗簰鑱旂綉鏈嶅姟榪涚▼錛堝rlogin銆乼elnet銆乫tp銆乺sh錛夎繘琛岃繛鎺ョ殑瑕佹眰錛屽茍鎵╁睍鎵€闇€鐨勬湇鍔¤繘紼嬨€傞粯璁ゆ儏鍐典笅錛?br /> inetd鐩戝惉鐨勮繖浜沝aemon鍧囧垪浜?etc
/inetd.conf鏂囦歡涓€傜紪杈?etc/inetd.conf鏂囦歡錛屽彲浠ユ敼鍙榠netd鍚姩鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ畧鎶よ繘紼嬬殑閫夐」錛岀劧鍚庨┍浣縤netd浠?br /> SIGHUP錛坰ignal 1錛夊悜褰撳墠鐨刬netd榪涚▼鍙戦€佷俊鍙鳳紝浣縤netd閲嶈璇ユ枃浠躲€傝繖涓€榪囩▼鐢眐ill鍛戒護鏉ュ疄鐜般€?br /> 鐢╲i鎴栧叾瀹冪紪杈戝櫒淇敼inetd.conf鍚庯紝棣栧厛浣跨敤涓嬮潰鍛戒護錛?br /> 錛僷s -ef |grep inetd
涓婇潰浠g爜琛ㄦ槑鏌ヨinetd.conf鐨勮繘紼嬪彿(PID)錛岃繖閲屽亣璁炬槸1426錛岀劧鍚庝嬌鐢ㄤ笅闈㈠懡浠わ細
錛?kill -1426 inetd
榪欐牱閰嶇疆鏂囦歡灝辯敓鏁堜簡銆?br /> 榪欎竴璁蹭粙緇嶇殑緋葷粺綆$悊鍛戒護閮芥槸姣旇緝閲嶈鐨勶紝鐗瑰埆鏄痗rontab鍛戒護鍜宷uota鍛戒護浣跨敤璧鋒潵浼氭湁涓€瀹氶毦搴︼紝闇€瑕佸鍋氫竴浜涚粌涔犮€傚彟澶栵紝浣跨敤kill鍛戒護瑕佹敞鎰?#8220;錛?“榪欎釜鍙傛暟錛岀粌涔犳椂鏈€濂戒笉瑕佽繍琛屼竴浜涢噸瑕佺殑紼嬪簭銆?
Linux蹇呭鐨?0涓懡浠?4)-緗戠粶鎿嶄綔鍛戒護Linux蹇呭鐨?0涓懡浠わ細緗戠粶鎿嶄綔鍛戒護
鍥?br /> 涓篖inux緋葷粺鏄湪Internet涓婅搗婧愬拰鍙戝睍鐨勶紝瀹冧笌鐢熶勘鏉ユ嫢鏈夊己澶х殑緗戠粶鍔熻兘鍜屼赴瀵岀殑緗戠粶搴旂敤杞歡錛屽挨鍏舵槸TCP/IP緗戠粶鍗忚鐨勫疄鐜板挨涓烘垚鐔熴€?br /> Linux鐨勭綉緇滃懡浠ゆ瘮杈冨錛屽叾涓竴浜涘懡浠ゅ儚ping銆?br /> ftp銆乼elnet銆乺oute銆乶etstat絳夊湪鍏跺畠鎿嶄綔緋葷粺涓婁篃鑳界湅鍒幫紝浣嗕篃鏈変竴浜沀nix/Linux緋葷粺鐙湁鐨勫懡浠わ紝濡俰fconfig銆?br /> finger銆乵ail絳夈€侺inux緗戠粶鎿嶄綔鍛戒護鐨勪竴涓壒鐐規槸錛屽懡浠ゅ弬鏁伴€夐」鍜屽姛鑳藉緢澶氾紝涓€涓懡浠ゅ線寰€榪樺彲浠ュ疄鐜板叾瀹冨懡浠ょ殑鍔熻兘銆?br /> ifconfig
1.浣滅敤
ifconfig鐢ㄤ簬鏌ョ湅鍜屾洿鏀圭綉緇滄帴鍙g殑鍦板潃鍜屽弬鏁幫紝鍖呮嫭IP鍦板潃銆佺綉緇滄帺鐮併€佸箍鎾湴鍧€錛屼嬌鐢ㄦ潈闄愭槸瓚呯駭鐢ㄦ埛銆?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
ifconfig -interface [options] address
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
-interface錛氭寚瀹氱殑緗戠粶鎺ュ彛鍚嶏紝濡俥th0鍜宔th1銆?br /> up錛氭縺媧繪寚瀹氱殑緗戠粶鎺ュ彛鍗°€?br /> down錛氬叧闂寚瀹氱殑緗戠粶鎺ュ彛銆?br /> broadcast address錛氳緗帴鍙g殑騫挎挱鍦板潃銆?br /> pointopoint錛氬惎鐢ㄧ偣瀵圭偣鏂瑰紡銆?br /> address錛氳緗寚瀹氭帴鍙h澶囩殑IP鍦板潃銆?br /> netmask address錛氳緗帴鍙g殑瀛愮綉鎺╃爜銆?br /> 4.搴旂敤璇存槑
ifconfig鏄敤鏉ヨ緗拰閰嶇疆緗戝崱鐨勫懡浠よ宸ュ叿銆備負浜嗘墜宸ラ厤緗綉緇滐紝榪欐槸涓€涓繀欏繪帉鎻$殑鍛戒護銆備嬌鐢ㄨ鍛戒護鐨勫ソ澶勬槸鏃犻』閲嶆柊鍚姩鏈哄櫒銆傝璧嬬粰eth0鎺ュ彛IP鍦板潃207.164.186.2錛屽茍涓旈┈涓婃縺媧誨畠錛屼嬌鐢ㄤ笅闈㈠懡浠わ細
#fconfig eth0 210.34.6.89 netmask 255.255.255.128 broadcast 210.34.6.127
璇?br /> 鍛戒護鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸璁劇疆緗戝崱eth0鐨処P鍦板潃銆佺綉緇滄帺鐮佸拰緗戠粶鐨勬湰鍦板箍鎾湴鍧€銆傝嫢榪愯涓嶅甫浠諱綍鍙傛暟鐨刬fconfig鍛戒護錛岃繖涓懡浠ゅ皢鏄劇ず鏈哄櫒鎵€鏈夋縺媧繪帴鍙g殑
淇℃伅銆傚甫鏈?#8220;-a”鍙傛暟鐨勫懡浠ゅ垯鏄劇ず鎵€鏈夋帴鍙g殑淇℃伅錛屽寘鎷病鏈夋縺媧葷殑鎺ュ彛銆傛敞鎰忥紝鐢╥fconfig鍛戒護閰嶇疆鐨勭綉緇滆澶囧弬鏁幫紝鏈哄櫒閲嶆柊鍚姩浠ュ悗灝嗕細涓㈠け銆?br /> 濡傛灉瑕佹殏鍋滄煇涓綉緇滄帴鍙g殑宸ヤ綔錛屽彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╠own鍙傛暟錛?br /> #ifconfig eth0 down
ip
1.浣滅敤
ip鏄痠proute2杞歡鍖呴噷闈㈢殑涓€涓己澶х殑緗戠粶閰嶇疆宸ュ叿錛屽畠鑳藉鏇夸唬涓€浜涗紶緇熺殑緗戠粶綆$悊宸ュ叿錛屼緥濡俰fconfig銆乺oute絳夛紝浣跨敤鏉冮檺涓鴻秴綰х敤鎴楓€傚嚑涔庢墍鏈夌殑Linux鍙戣鐗堟湰閮芥敮鎸佽鍛戒護銆?br /> 2.鏍煎紡
ip [OPTIONS] OBJECT [COMMAND [ARGUMENTS]]
3.涓昏鍙傛暟
OPTIONS鏄慨鏀筰p琛屼負鎴栨敼鍙樺叾杈撳嚭鐨勯€夐」銆傛墍鏈夌殑閫夐」閮芥槸浠?瀛楃寮€澶達紝鍒嗕負闀褲€佺煭涓ょ褰㈠紡銆傜洰鍓嶏紝ip鏀寔濡傝〃1鎵€紺洪€夐」銆?br /> OBJECT鏄綆$悊鑰呰幏鍙栦俊鎭殑瀵硅薄銆傜洰鍓峣p璁よ瘑鐨勫璞¤琛?鎵€紺恒€?br /> 琛? ip鏀寔鐨勯€夐」
-V,-Version 鎵撳嵃ip鐨勭増鏈茍閫€鍑恒€?br /> -s,-stats,-statistics 杈撳嚭鏇翠負璇﹀敖鐨勪俊鎭€傚鏋滆繖涓€夐」鍑虹幇涓ゆ鎴栧嬈★紝鍒欒緭鍑虹殑淇℃伅灝嗘洿涓鴻灝姐€?br /> -f,-family 榪欎釜閫夐」鍚庨潰鎺ュ崗璁綾伙紝鍖呮嫭inet銆乮net6鎴杔ink錛屽己璋冧嬌鐢ㄧ殑鍗忚縐嶇被銆傚鏋滄病鏈夎凍澶熺殑淇℃伅鍛婅瘔ip浣跨敤鐨勫崗璁綾伙紝ip灝變細浣跨敤榛樿鍊糹net鎴朼ny銆俵ink姣旇緝鐗規畩錛屽畠琛ㄧず涓嶆秹鍙婁換浣曠綉緇滃崗璁€?br /> -4 鏄?family inet鐨勭畝鍐欍€?br /> -6 鏄?family inet6鐨勭畝鍐欍€?br /> -0 鏄?family link鐨勭畝鍐欍€?br /> -o,-oneline 瀵規瘡琛岃褰曢兘浣跨敤鍗曡杈撳嚭錛屽洖琛岀敤瀛楃浠f浛銆傚鏋滈渶瑕佷嬌鐢╳c銆乬rep絳夊伐鍏峰鐞唅p鐨勮緭鍑猴紝鍒欎細鐢ㄥ埌榪欎釜閫夐」銆?br /> -r,-resolve 鏌ヨ鍩熷悕瑙f瀽緋葷粺錛岀敤鑾峰緱鐨勪富鏈哄悕浠f浛涓繪満IP鍦板潃
COMMAND
璁劇疆閽堝鎸囧畾瀵硅薄鎵ц鐨勬搷浣滐紝瀹冨拰瀵硅薄鐨勭被鍨嬫湁鍏熾€備竴鑸儏鍐典笅錛宨p鏀寔瀵硅薄鐨勫鍔?add)銆佸垹闄?delete)鍜屽睍紺?show鎴杔ist)銆傛湁浜?br /> 瀵硅薄涓嶆敮鎸佽繖浜涙搷浣滐紝鎴栬€呮湁鍏跺畠鐨勪竴浜涘懡浠ゃ€傚浜庢墍鏈夌殑瀵硅薄錛岀敤鎴峰彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╤elp鍛戒護鑾峰緱甯姪銆傝繖涓懡浠や細鍒楀嚭榪欎釜瀵硅薄鏀寔鐨勫懡浠ゅ拰鍙傛暟鐨勮娉曘€傚鏋滄病
鏈夋寚瀹氬璞$殑鎿嶄綔鍛戒護錛宨p浼氫嬌鐢ㄩ粯璁ょ殑鍛戒護銆備竴鑸儏鍐典笅錛岄粯璁ゅ懡浠ゆ槸list錛屽鏋滃璞′笉鑳藉垪鍑猴紝灝變細鎵цhelp鍛戒護銆?br /> ARGUMENTS
鏄懡浠ょ殑涓€浜涘弬鏁幫紝瀹冧滑鍊氳禆浜庡璞″拰鍛戒護銆俰p鏀寔涓ょ綾誨瀷鐨勫弬鏁幫細flag鍜宲arameter銆俧lag鐢變竴涓叧閿瘝緇勬垚錛沺arameter鐢變竴涓?br /> 鍏抽敭璇嶅姞涓€涓暟鍊肩粍鎴愩€備負浜嗘柟渚匡紝姣忎釜鍛戒護閮芥湁涓€涓彲浠ュ拷鐣ョ殑榛樿鍙傛暟銆備緥濡傦紝鍙傛暟dev鏄痠p link鍛戒護鐨勯粯璁ゅ弬鏁幫紝鍥犳ip link ls
eth0絳変簬ip link ls dev eth0銆傛垜浠皢鍦ㄥ悗闈㈢殑璇︾粏浠嬬粛姣忎釜鍛戒護鐨勪嬌鐢紝鍛戒護鐨勯粯璁ゅ弬鏁板皢浣跨敤default鏍囧嚭銆?br /> 4.搴旂敤瀹炰緥
娣誨姞IP鍦板潃192.168.2.2/24鍒癳th0緗戝崱涓婏細
#ip addr add 192.168.1.1/24 dev eth0
涓㈠純婧愬湴鍧€灞炰簬192.168.2.0/24緗戠粶鐨勬墍鏈夋暟鎹姤錛?br /> #ip rule ad


goto 2008-10-28 10:50 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
linux甯哥敤鍛戒護姹囬泦http://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/articles/200821.htmlgotogotoFri, 16 May 2008 02:55:00 GMThttp://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/articles/200821.htmlhttp://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/comments/200821.htmlhttp://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/articles/200821.html#Feedback0http://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/comments/commentRss/200821.htmlhttp://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/services/trackbacks/200821.htmlssh涓枃涔辯爜瑙e喅

緙栬緫 vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n
鏈€鍚庨潰鍔犱笂涓€琛孡ANG="zh_CN.GB18030"
淇濆瓨鍚庯紝浠庢柊鐢⊿SH鐧婚檰灝卞彲浠ヨВ鍐充貢鐮侀棶棰樸€?/div>


緇熻鏂囦歡澶逛笅鏂囦歡涓暟

ls | wc -l

鍒犻櫎鐩綍 

    rm -rf /opt/tomcat5028 鍒犻櫎鐩綍

錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞

淇敼鏃ユ湡

    璁蹭竴涓婰inux 鎴朥nix涓嬫€庢牱淇敼緋葷粺鏃墮棿

鎴戜滑涓€鑸嬌鐢?#8220;date -s”鍛戒護鏉ヤ慨鏀圭郴緇熸椂闂淬€傛瘮濡傚皢緋葷粺鏃墮棿璁懼畾鎴?996騫?鏈?0鏃ョ殑鍛戒護濡備笅銆?
#date -s 06/10/96
灝嗙郴緇熸椂闂磋瀹氭垚涓嬪崍1鐐?2鍒?縐掔殑鍛戒護濡備笅銆?br /> #date -s 13:12:00

---- 娉ㄦ剰錛岃繖閲岃鐨勬槸緋葷粺鏃墮棿錛屾槸linux鐢辨搷浣滅郴緇熺淮鎶ょ殑銆?
---- 鍦ㄧ郴緇熷惎鍔ㄦ椂錛孡inux鎿嶄綔緋葷粺灝嗘椂闂翠粠CMOS涓鍒扮郴緇熸椂闂村彉閲忎腑錛屼互鍚庝慨鏀規椂闂撮€氳繃淇敼緋葷粺鏃墮棿瀹炵幇銆備負浜嗕繚鎸佺郴緇熸椂闂翠笌CMOS鏃墮棿鐨勪竴鑷存€э紝 Linux姣忛殧涓€孌墊椂闂翠細灝嗙郴緇熸椂闂村啓鍏MOS銆傜敱浜庤鍚屾鏄瘡闅斾竴孌墊椂闂達紙澶х害鏄?1鍒嗛挓錛夎繘琛岀殑錛屽湪鎴戜滑鎵цdate -s鍚庯紝濡傛灉椹笂閲嶈搗鏈哄櫒錛屼慨鏀規椂闂村氨鏈夊彲鑳芥病鏈夎鍐欏叆CMOS,榪欏氨鏄棶棰樼殑鍘熷洜銆傚鏋滆紜繚淇敼鐢熸晥鍙互鎵ц濡備笅鍛戒護銆?

---- #clock -w


錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞

娣誨姞ftp鐢ㄦ埛

    //娣誨姞sfupload/123abc
    useradd -G ftp -d /home/sfupload –M sfupload
    mkdir /home/sfupload
    chown sfupload.sfupload /home/sfupload
    chmod 777 /home/sfupload //7琛ㄧずwrx 5琛ㄧずrx 0琛ㄧず浠€涔堟潈闄愰兘娌℃湁
    passwd sfupload
    #123abc
    #123abc

錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛?/p>

oracle 鍚姩

    svrmgrl

    connect internal

    shutdown abort

    startup

    lsnrctl stop

    lsnrctl start 

錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞

9鐗堟湰

sqlplus /nolog

connect / as sysdba;

錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛嶏紞錛?br />

linux鐩綍涓嬫枃浠舵€繪暟

 ls -l | grep "^-" | wc -l



goto 2008-05-16 10:55 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>Linux鎿嶄綔緋葷粺瀹氭椂浠誨姟緋葷粺Cron浠嬬粛http://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/articles/200818.htmlgotogotoFri, 16 May 2008 02:52:00 GMThttp://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/articles/200818.htmlhttp://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/comments/200818.htmlhttp://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/articles/200818.html#Feedback0http://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/comments/commentRss/200818.htmlhttp://www.aygfsteel.com/mlxlzc/services/trackbacks/200818.html銆€銆€/sbin/service crond start //鍚姩鏈嶅姟

銆€銆€/sbin/service crond stop //鍏抽棴鏈嶅姟

銆€銆€/sbin/service crond restart //閲嶅惎鏈嶅姟

銆€銆€/sbin/service crond reload //閲嶆柊杞藉叆閰嶇疆

銆€銆€浣犱篃鍙互灝嗚繖涓湇鍔″湪緋葷粺鍚姩鐨勬椂鍊欒嚜鍔ㄥ惎鍔?

銆€銆€鍦?etc/rc.d/rc.local榪欎釜鑴氭湰鐨勬湯灝懼姞涓?

銆€銆€/sbin/service crond start

銆€銆€鐜板湪Cron榪欎釜鏈嶅姟宸茬粡鍦ㄨ繘紼嬮噷闈簡錛屾垜浠氨鍙互鐢ㄨ繖涓湇鍔′簡錛孋ron鏈嶅姟鎻愪緵浠ヤ笅鍑犵鎺ュ彛渚涘ぇ瀹朵嬌鐢?

銆€銆€1.鐩存帴鐢╟rontab鍛戒護緙栬緫

銆€銆€cron鏈嶅姟鎻愪緵crontab鍛戒護鏉ヨ瀹歝ron鏈嶅姟鐨勶紝浠ヤ笅鏄繖涓懡浠ょ殑涓€浜涘弬鏁頒笌璇存槑:

銆€銆€crontab -u //璁懼畾鏌愪釜鐢ㄦ埛鐨刢ron鏈嶅姟錛屼竴鑸瑀oot鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄦ墽琛岃繖涓懡浠ょ殑鏃跺€欓渶瑕佹鍙傛暟

銆€銆€crontab -l //鍒楀嚭鏌愪釜鐢ㄦ埛cron鏈嶅姟鐨勮緇嗗唴瀹?/p>

銆€銆€crontab -r //鍒犻櫎娌′釜鐢ㄦ埛鐨刢ron鏈嶅姟

銆€銆€crontab -e //緙栬緫鏌愪釜鐢ㄦ埛鐨刢ron鏈嶅姟

銆€銆€姣斿璇磖oot鏌ョ湅鑷繁鐨刢ron璁劇疆:crontab -u root -l

銆€銆€鍐嶄緥濡傦紝root鎯沖垹闄red鐨刢ron璁劇疆:crontab -u fred -r

銆€銆€鍦ㄧ紪杈慶ron鏈嶅姟鏃訛紝緙栬緫鐨勫唴瀹規湁涓€浜涙牸寮忓拰綰﹀畾錛岃緭鍏?crontab -u root -e

銆€銆€榪涘叆vi緙栬緫妯″紡錛岀紪杈戠殑鍐呭涓€瀹氳絎﹀悎涓嬮潰鐨勬牸寮?*/1 * * * * ls >> /tmp/ls.txt

榪欎釜鏍煎紡鐨勫墠涓€閮ㄥ垎鏄鏃墮棿鐨勮瀹氾紝鍚庨潰涓€閮ㄥ垎鏄鎵ц鐨勫懡浠わ紝濡傛灉瑕佹墽琛岀殑鍛戒護澶錛屽彲浠ユ妸榪欎簺鍛戒護鍐欏埌涓€涓剼鏈噷闈紝鐒跺悗鍦ㄨ繖閲岀洿鎺ヨ皟鐢ㄨ繖涓剼鏈氨 鍙互浜嗭紝璋冪敤鐨勬椂鍊欒寰楀啓鍑哄懡浠ょ殑瀹屾暣璺緞銆傛椂闂寸殑璁懼畾鎴戜滑鏈変竴瀹氱殑綰﹀畾錛屽墠闈簲涓?鍙蜂唬琛ㄤ簲涓暟瀛楋紝鏁板瓧鐨勫彇鍊艱寖鍥村拰鍚箟濡備笅:

銆€銆€鍒嗛挓銆€(0-59)

銆€銆€灝忔檪銆€(0-23)

銆€銆€鏃ユ湡銆€(1-31)

銆€銆€鏈堜喚銆€(1-12)

銆€銆€鏄熸湡銆€(0-6)//0浠h〃鏄熸湡澶?/p>

銆€銆€闄や簡鏁板瓧榪樻湁鍑犱釜涓壒孌婄殑絎﹀彿灝辨槸"*"銆?/"鍜?-"銆?,"錛?浠h〃鎵€鏈夌殑鍙栧€艱寖鍥村唴鐨勬暟瀛楋紝"/"浠h〃姣忕殑鎰忔€?"*/5"琛ㄧず姣?涓崟浣嶏紝"-"浠h〃浠庢煇涓暟瀛楀埌鏌愪釜鏁板瓧,","鍒嗗紑鍑犱釜紱繪暎鐨勬暟瀛椼€備互涓嬩婦鍑犱釜渚嬪瓙璇存槑闂:

銆€銆€姣忓ぉ鏃╀笂6鐐?/p>

銆€銆€0 6 * * * echo "Good morning." >> /tmp/test.txt //娉ㄦ剰鍗曠函echo錛屼粠灞忓箷涓婄湅涓嶅埌浠諱綍杈撳嚭錛屽洜涓篶ron鎶婁換浣曡緭鍑洪兘email鍒皉oot鐨勪俊綆變簡銆?/p>

銆€銆€姣忎袱涓皬鏃?/p>

銆€銆€0 */2 * * * echo "Have a break now." >> /tmp/test.txt

銆€銆€鏅氫笂11鐐瑰埌鏃╀笂8鐐逛箣闂存瘡涓や釜灝忔椂錛屾棭涓婂叓鐐?/p>

銆€銆€0 23-7/2錛? * * * echo "Have a good dream:)" >> /tmp/test.txt

銆€銆€姣忎釜鏈堢殑4鍙峰拰姣忎釜紺兼嫓鐨勭ぜ鎷滀竴鍒扮ぜ鎷滀笁鐨勬棭涓?1鐐?/p>

銆€銆€0 11 4 * 1-3 command line

銆€銆€1鏈?鏃ユ棭涓?鐐?/p>

銆€銆€0 4 1 1 * command line

姣忔緙栬緫瀹屾煇涓敤鎴風殑cron璁劇疆鍚庯紝cron鑷姩鍦?var/spool/cron涓嬬敓鎴愪竴涓笌姝ょ敤鎴峰悓鍚嶇殑鏂囦歡錛屾鐢ㄦ埛鐨刢ron淇℃伅閮借褰曞湪榪欎釜 鏂囦歡涓紝榪欎釜鏂囦歡鏄笉鍙互鐩存帴緙栬緫鐨勶紝鍙彲浠ョ敤crontab -e 鏉ョ紪杈戙€俢ron鍚姩鍚庢瘡榪囦竴浠介挓璇諱竴嬈¤繖涓枃浠訛紝媯€鏌ユ槸鍚﹁鎵ц閲岄潰鐨勫懡浠ゃ€傚洜姝ゆ鏂囦歡淇敼鍚庝笉闇€瑕侀噸鏂板惎鍔╟ron鏈嶅姟銆?/p>

銆€銆€2.緙栬緫/etc/crontab 鏂囦歡閰嶇疆cron

cron鏈嶅姟姣忓垎閽熶笉浠呰璇諱竴嬈?var/spool/cron鍐呯殑鎵€鏈夋枃浠訛紝榪橀渶瑕佽涓€嬈?etc/crontab,鍥犳鎴戜滑閰嶇疆榪欎釜鏂囦歡涔熻兘榪愮敤 cron鏈嶅姟鍋氫竴浜涗簨鎯呫€傜敤crontab閰嶇疆鏄拡瀵規煇涓敤鎴風殑錛岃€岀紪杈?etc/crontab鏄拡瀵圭郴緇熺殑浠誨姟銆傛鏂囦歡鐨勬枃浠舵牸寮忔槸:

銆€銆€SHELL=/bin/bash

銆€銆€PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

銆€銆€MAILTO=root //濡傛灉鍑虹幇閿欒錛屾垨鑰呮湁鏁版嵁杈撳嚭錛屾暟鎹綔涓洪偖浠跺彂緇欒繖涓笎鍙?/p>

銆€銆€HOME=/ //浣跨敤鑰呰繍琛岀殑璺緞,榪欓噷鏄牴鐩綍

銆€銆€# run-parts

銆€銆€01 * * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.hourly //姣忓皬鏃舵墽琛?etc/cron.hourly鍐呯殑鑴氭湰

銆€銆€02 4 * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.daily //姣忓ぉ鎵ц/etc/cron.daily鍐呯殑鑴氭湰

銆€銆€22 4 * * 0 root run-parts /etc/cron.weekly //姣忔槦鏈熸墽琛?etc/cron.weekly鍐呯殑鑴氭湰

銆€銆€42 4 1 * * root run-parts /etc/cron.monthly //姣忔湀鍘繪墽琛?etc/cron.monthly鍐呯殑鑴氭湰

銆€銆€澶у娉ㄦ剰"run-parts"榪欎釜鍙傛暟浜嗭紝濡傛灉鍘繪帀榪欎釜鍙傛暟鐨勮瘽錛屽悗闈㈠氨鍙互鍐欒榪愯鐨勬煇涓剼鏈悕錛岃€屼笉鏄枃浠跺す鍚嶄簡銆?/p>

goto 2008-05-16 10:52 鍙戣〃璇勮
]]>
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